再入飞行器迎风面边界层转捩的数值预估

基于求解三维Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程,首先数值预估了高超声速三维流动的边界层特性;采用已有的高超声速三维边界层转捩准则,即在转捩位置Ｒｅθ／Ｍｅ＝常数,以及通过修正由ＯＮＥＲＡ提出的代数转捩模型,建立了预估三维边界层转捩的半经验数值技术并应用于三维Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程的求解。利用ＨＡＬＩＳ模型及相关的实验数据,首次进行了在Ｍ∞＝６时不同雷诺数及迎角的验证试验。预估结果表明：在不考虑     

Drilling systems for extraterrestrial subsurface exploration

Drilling consists of 2 processes: breaking the formation with a bit and removing the drilled cuttings. In rotary drilling, rotational speed and weight on bit are used to control drilling, and the optimization of these parameters can markedly improve drilling performance. Although fluids are used for cuttings removal in terrestrial drilling, most planetary drilling systems conduct dry drilling with an auger. Chip removal via water-ice sublimation (when excavating water-ice-bound formations at pressure below the triple point of water) and pneumatic systems are also possible. Pneumatic systems use the gas or vaporization products of a high-density liquid brought from Earth, gas provided by an in situ compressor, or combustion products of a monopropellant. Drill bits can be divided into coring bits, which excavate an annular shaped hole, and full-faced bits. While cylindrical cores are generally superior as scientific samples, and coring drills have better performance characteristics, full-faced bits are simpler systems because the handling of a core requires a very complex robotic mechanism. The greatest constraints to extraterrestrial drilling are (1) the extreme environmental conditions, such as temperature, dust, and pressure; (2) the light-time communications delay, which necessitates highly autonomous systems; and (3) the mission and science constraints, such as mass and power budgets and the types of drilled samples needed for scientific analysis. A classification scheme based on drilling depth is proposed. Each of the 4 depth categories (surface drills, 1-meter class drills, 10-meter class drills, and deep drills) has distinct technological profiles and scientific ramifications.     

Challenges for coring deep permafrost on Earth and Mars

A scientific drilling expedition to the High Lake region of Nunavut, Canada, was recently completed with the goals of collecting samples and delineating gradients in salinity, gas composition, pH, pe, and microbial abundance in a 400 m thick permafrost zone and accessing the underlying pristine subpermafrost brine. With a triple-barrel wireline tool and the use of stringent quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) protocols, 200 m of frozen, Archean, mafic volcanic rock was collected from the lower boundary that separates the permafrost layer and subpermafrost saline water. Hot water was used to remove cuttings and prevent the drill rods from freezing in place. No cryopegs were detected during penetration through the permafrost. Coring stopped at the 535 m depth, and the drill water was bailed from the hole while saline water replaced it. Within 24 hours, the borehole iced closed at 125 m depth due to vapor condensation from atmospheric moisture and, initially, warm water leaking through the casing, which blocked further access. Preliminary data suggest that the recovered cores contain viable anaerobic microorganisms that are not contaminants even though isotopic analyses of the saline borehole water suggests that it is a residue of the drilling brine used to remove the ice from the upper, older portion of the borehole. Any proposed coring mission to Mars that seeks to access subpermafrost brine will not only require borehole stability but also a means by which to generate substantial heating along the borehole string to prevent closure of the borehole from condensation of water vapor generated by drilling.     

用于ESM系统的CFAR处理器

作者研究了一种用于ESM接收机自适应门限系统的CFAR处理器的设计。对于这种用途，ESM系统的重要技术指标是接收不同宽度和速率的脉冲以及噪声干扰性。确定背景噪声统计的主要难题是干扰信号问题。在背景噪声功率的允差范围内，提出一种MEx-CFAR处理器，它具有良好的抗干扰脉冲的能力。当噪声功率变化大时，建议采用AMEx-CFAR处理器的性能。采用反馈环路结构。AMEx处理器能快速适应新的背景条件。本文用蒙特卡罗模拟研究了所提出的CFAR处理器在各种情况下的性能，讨论了用以确定处理器设计参数的方法。     

An Event Horizon Imager(EHI) Mission Concept Utilizing Medium Earth Orbit Sub-mm Interferometry

Submillimeter interferometry has the potential to image supermassive black holes on event horizon scales, providing tests of the theory of general relativity and increasing our understanding of black hole accretion processes. The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) performs these observations from the ground, and its main imaging targets are Sagittarius A* in the Galactic Center and the black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy. However, the EHT is fundamentally limited in its performance by atmospheric effects and sparse terrestrial (u,v)-coverage (Fourier sampling of the image). The scientific interest in quantitative studies of the horizon size and shape of these black holes has motivated studies into using space interferometry which is free of these limitations. Angular resolution considerations and interstellar scattering effects push the desired observing frequency to bands above 500 GHz.
This paper presents the requirements for meeting these science goals, describes the concept of interferometry from Polar or Equatorial Medium Earth Orbits (PECMEO) which we dub the Event Horizon Imager (EHI), and utilizes suitable space technology heritage. In this concept, two or three satellites orbit at slightly different orbital radii, resulting in a dense and uniform spiral-shaped (u,v)-coverage over time. The local oscillator signals are shared via an inter-satellite link, and the data streams are correlated on-board before final processing on the ground. Inter-satellite metrology and satellite positioning are extensively employed to facilitate the knowledge of the instrument position vector, and its time derivative. The European space heritage usable for both the front ends and the antenna technology of such an instrument is investigated. Current and future sensors for the required inter-satellite metrology are listed. Intended performance estimates and simulation results are given.      

部分可观Petri网故障的量子贝叶斯诊断

针对故障本身构建量子贝叶斯Petri网模型算法,并利用该子网模型进行Petri网系统故障分析。对于部分可观Petri网模型中的不可观故障,根据可达标识图分析变迁点火路径不能判断系统状态,建立量子贝叶斯子网模型,通过不确定路径引起的量子干涉重新标定变迁的条件概率表得到量子概率振幅表。根据故障变迁的前置集合并结合量子贝叶斯推理计算变迁触发的先验概率,由后置集合中的可观变迁修正后验概率,由最大后验概率估计系统所处状态,当故障变迁不唯一时,选取最大概率的故障作为故障源。以实际故障系统建立部分可观Petri网模型,结合可观标签概率序列信息和量子贝叶斯概率估计,对系统不可观部分进行故障诊断验证算法的有效性。      

激光熔覆制备金属间化合物抗冲蚀涂层

采用同轴送粉方法,激光熔覆制备了WC增强Ni3Al金属间化合物基复合涂层,通过试验,优化了工艺参数,对激光熔覆涂层的成分、组织和硬度进行了测试和分析.结果表明,激光熔覆涂层无裂纹和气孔,与基体形成良好的冶金结合,WC颗粒的添加显著提高了涂层硬度.     

新技术将如何改变MRO领域

<正>未来可能应用于MRO领域的新技术有很多,有的是受上游产业影响而发展的,有的是新技术的直接应用,如复合材料修理、增材制造、数字孪生、预测性维修、增强现实、自动化、机器人等等,但这些技术真正应用于MRO领域后会是何种程度,应用中还存在哪些障碍,亦或是其他新的商业模式还会催生出哪些新的技术,这些都应该提前思考。     

5自由度机器人手臂模糊自适应控制

为了在一定的跟踪精度范围内且存在不确定性因素的情况下控制机器人跟踪设定的轨迹,给出了一种基于控制器输出误差法的自适应模糊控制法来控制机器人手臂.采用梯度下降法调节部分或全部参数以减小输出误差.该方法被应用于5自由度机器人控制系统中,仿真结果显示模糊逻辑控制器参数得到了实时调整,该方法有效.     

边界层对可调节进气道性能的影响

给出了马赫数2~6、单位雷诺数(0.8~6.0)×107/m时下吹式风洞中可调节三维进气道的试验研究结果.研究了前缘前掠和后掠方案以及进气道入口前边界层的影响.测量了内流道内的压力分布、质量流量和总压恢复系数;确定了进气道启动与马赫数和流动工况的关系.研究结果表明:边界层对流场结构和模型进气道的性能有着决定性影响,相对简单的进气道调节方案可以增大其稳定运行范围.