中层大气钠层的流星蒸发模式

本文计算了地球中层大气的钠层模式。在此模式中,流星蒸发是形成钠层的源而尘埃的吸附足汇。本文考虑和比较了有关钠层形成机制的已往工作中所出现过的所有光化学反应,选出了四十个合理而重要的化学反应作为本模式的化学基础。模式也考虑进了高度变化的涡流扩散和带电粒子受地磁场作用的向下飘移等机制。本文对各化学反应和模式中各个因素的重要性作了比较和评价。本文计算结果表明,在各高度上中层大气中的钠及其化合物的相对浓度主要取决于化学反应过程本身,与源、汇及各层间扩散机制等关系不大。虽然在钠层模式计算中必须考虑到十种钠成分,但105公里以上主要成分足钠离子(Na+)。80公里以下主要成分是氢氧化钠(NaOH)。80公里到105公里间主要成分是中性钠原子(Na)。所有成分的总浓度主要地取决于源和汇随高度的分布。大气背景及电离常数的变化可以引起钠层相当显著的季变化和周日变化。理论计算结果与历年来的观测结果作比较后可以看到两者大体上符合得相当好。      

~(201)Hg~+离子贮存式频率标准

本文讨论利用在潘宁离子收集器中贮存~201Hg~+离子实现微波频率(和时间)标准以及光频标性能的潜力与存在的问题。有许多讨论一般都适用于离子贮存式频标。激光致冷、光抽运、以及微波或光时钟跃迁的光检测,可利用在194.2nm6P~2P_(1/2)←6~2S_(1/2)跃迁的窄带幅射,而有选择地将基态超精细能级与适当的微波幅射加以混频来完成。特别适用于采用潘宁(冷阴极)离子收集器的一阶独立场微波时钟跃迁是在1.534T 磁场的25.9GHz(F,M_F)=(2,1)←→(1,1)超精细跃迁。在563nm(毫微米)的双量子无多普勒5d~96S~(22)D_(5/2)←→5d~(10)6S~2S_(1/2)迁可能是光频标所要选用的。两种频标的绝对准确度具有达到好于1×10~(-15)而频率稳定度低于10~(-16)的潜力。     

MRO市场隐约出现产能危机

<正>随着全球机队规模不断壮大,一些经典款的飞机和发动机机队增长迅猛,尤其是在新一代飞机缓慢投入运营的过程中,经典机型的维修产能压力较大。即使运营商和MRO企业想到了通过快速兴建维修设施来化解这一危机,似乎仍然无法改变当前的MRO市场正在由买方市场变为卖方市场的事实。     

Adelaide地区大气重力波的气辉观测

利用澳大利亚Adelaide(34.5°S,138.5°E)地区7年(1995-2001年)的OH和OI气辉观测数据,以及同地区中频雷达所测背景风场数据,通过最大熵谱分析方法,统计分析了该地区大尺度重力波的传播特性.结果表明,(1)在中层顶气辉观测区,利用OH气辉探测到48个重力波事件,利用OI气辉探测到29个重力波事件,这些重力波的周期和水平相速度分别集中在68 min和36 m/s左右,具有东南向的优势传播方向,平均仰角为8°～10°,接近水平方向传播;(2)通过OH气辉和OI气辉观测到了同一个重力波事件,并根据两个高度上观测到的扰动相位差判断该重力波为上行波.      

我们死亡时发生了些什么？

斯蒂斐（以下简称“斯”）：这项研究采用什么方法来考察并核实人们宜称的有关“濒死体验”的描述？ 山姆·帕尼亚（以下简称“帕”）：当你的心脏停止跳动时。就不会有血液进入你的大脑。而接下来将会发生的，就如同你可以想象到的那样——在1O秒内，大脑的活动完全停止。然而。反常的是，在经历过心跳停止（其中既包括心跳停止几分钟的。也包括心跳停止1小时以上的）后又被从鬼门关上抢救过来的人群中。有10％至20％的人报告说他们当时是有意识的。     

A microbial oasis in the hypersaline Atacama subsurface discovered by a life detector chip: implications for the search for life on Mars

The Atacama Desert has long been considered a good Mars analogue for testing instrumentation for planetary exploration, but very few data (if any) have been reported about the geomicrobiology of its salt-rich subsurface. We performed a Mars analogue drilling campaign next to the Salar Grande (Atacama, Chile) in July 2009, and several cores and powder samples from up to 5?m deep were analyzed in situ with LDChip300 (a Life Detector Chip containing 300 antibodies). Here, we show the discovery of a hypersaline subsurface microbial habitat associated with halite-, nitrate-, and perchlorate-containing salts at 2?m deep. LDChip300 detected bacteria, archaea, and other biological material (DNA, exopolysaccharides, some peptides) from the analysis of less than 0.5?g of ground core sample. The results were supported by oligonucleotide microarray hybridization in the field and finally confirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis and direct visualization of microbial cells bound to halite crystals in the laboratory. Geochemical analyses revealed a habitat with abundant hygroscopic salts like halite (up to 260?g kg(-1)) and perchlorate (41.13?μg g(-1) maximum), which allow deliquescence events at low relative humidity. Thin liquid water films would permit microbes to proliferate by using detected organic acids like acetate (19.14?μg g(-1)) or formate (76.06?μg g(-1)) as electron donors, and sulfate (15875?μg g(-1)), nitrate (13490?μg g(-1)), or perchlorate as acceptors. Our results correlate with the discovery of similar hygroscopic salts and possible deliquescence processes on Mars, and open new search strategies for subsurface martian biota. The performance demonstrated by our LDChip300 validates this technology for planetary exploration, particularly for the search for life on Mars.     

Putative fossilized fungi from the lithified volcaniclastic apron of Gran Canaria, Spain

We report the discovery of fossilized filamentous structures in samples of the lithified, volcaniclastic apron of Gran Canaria, which were obtained during Leg 157 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). These filamentous structures are 2-15 μm in diameter and several hundred micrometers in length and are composed of Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, Ti, and C. Chitin was detected in the filamentous structures by staining with wheat germ agglutinin dye conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (WGA-FITC), which suggests that they are fossilized fungal hyphae. The further elucidation of typical filamentous fungal morphological features, such as septa, hyphal bridges, and anastomosis and their respective sizes, support this interpretation. Characteristic structures that we interpreted as fossilized spores were also observed in association with the putative hyphae. The fungal hyphae were found in pyroxene phenocrysts and in siderite pseudomorphs of a basalt breccia. The fungal colonization of the basalt clasts occurred after the brecciation but prior to the final emplacement and lithification of the sediment at ～16-14 Ma. The siderite appears to have been partially dissolved by the presence of fungal hyphae, and the fungi preferentially colonized Fe-rich carbonates over Fe-poor carbonates (aragonite). Our findings indicate that fungi may be an important geobiological agent in subseafloor environments and an important component of the deep subseafloor biosphere, and that hydrothermal environments associated with volcanism can support a diverse ecosystem, including eukaryotes.     

局部裂开介质中的流动校正算子

文章证明了一个局部裂开介质中的流动均质化校正算子的结果。在参考文献[3]中Clark和Sbowalter用二维收敛技巧研究了均质化问题。     

碾压砼的抗冻性

碾压砼正在迅速地变成一种普通的建筑材料。现在越来越多的路面，机场道面和停车场都采用碾压砼。文中介绍了这种材料的施工工艺和提高抗冻性采取的措施。