固体推进剂发动机的热贮存寿命

借助于统计力学计算了受环境温度变化影响的固体推进剂火箭发动机的贮存寿命。考察了粘弹性效应、化学老化、累积损害和力学性能的统计变化。     

重新设计的航天飞机固体火箭助推器现场接头——锡奥科尔公司开始全尺寸试验

介绍了航天飞机固体助推器的一种新式现场接头设计,以及航天飞机恢复飞行前安排的各项必须试验。     

单通道SAR对任意运动目标的检测和成像

在合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像中，运动目标会引起散焦和／或移位之类的成像误差，这与目标运动方向有关。为了得到准确而清晰的运动目标的图像，目标位置和速度参数是必须知道的。这里提出了一种对任意方向运动的地面目标进行探测、参数估计和成像的算法。该算法主要是评估由常规单通道SAR雷达数据生成的一系列单视SAR图像。用两个观察模型来估计运动目标的位置和速度，考虑了由于运动导致多普勒频谱的混叠。用这种方法，运动目标可以不受其运动方向的影响而被检测到，估计参数被用来补偿SAR图像中的成像误差。最后，目标在场景中的真实运动情况可以在补偿过的图像序列中显现。     

Biosignatures from Earth-like planets around M dwarfs

Coupled one-dimensional photochemical-climate calculations have been performed for hypothetical Earth-like planets around M dwarfs. Visible/near-infrared and thermal-infrared synthetic spectra of these planets were generated to determine which biosignature gases might be observed by a future, space-based telescope. Our star sample included two observed active M dwarfs-AD Leo and GJ 643-and three quiescent model stars. The spectral distribution of these stars in the ultraviolet generates a different photochemistry on these planets. As a result, the biogenic gases CH4, N2O, and CH3Cl have substantially longer lifetimes and higher mixing ratios than on Earth, making them potentially observable by space-based telescopes. On the active M-star planets, an ozone layer similar to Earth's was developed that resulted in a spectroscopic signature comparable to the terrestrial one. The simultaneous detection of O2 (or O3) and a reduced gas in a planet's atmosphere has been suggested as strong evidence for life. Planets circling M stars may be good locations to search for such evidence.     

现代电子战环境中的空时自适应处理

大笔的投资已用于机载预警雷达的自适应阵列技术的开发中。所有旨在用于非均匀干扰环境中的机载预警雷达空时逢适应处理方法有一个共的特点：它们都需要根据多维对间内的测量数据该环境的统计估值。     

MX导弹第三级样机评价

本文评述赫克力斯公司正在为空军研制的MX导弹第三级的设计。第三级固体发动机的许多部件和材料都选用了最新的技术。这些新技术包括:带有碳复合材料裙的凯夫拉49发动机壳体;二维和三维碳/碳复合材料的轻型喷管;硝酸酯增塑的聚醚推进剂(NEPE),这种推进剂比冲高、延伸率大;以及两节套筒式可延伸出口锥(EEC)。这些新技术的应用提高了整个发动机的性能。本文对第三级的设计及其主要部件都作了概要介绍。为了说明MX第三级的设计是切实可行的,还将MX第三级各部件设计与以前研制的发动机作了比较。     

Long-term manipulations of intact microbial mat communities in a greenhouse collaboratory: simulating earth's present and past field environments

Photosynthetic microbial mat communities were obtained from marine hypersaline saltern ponds, maintained in a greenhouse facility, and examined for the effects of salinity variations. Because these microbial mats are considered to be useful analogs of ancient marine communities, they offer insights about evolutionary events during the >3 billion year time interval wherein mats co-evolved with Earth's lithosphere and atmosphere. Although photosynthetic mats can be highly dynamic and exhibit extremely high activity, the mats in the present study have been maintained for >1 year with relatively minor changes. The major groups of microorganisms, as assayed using microscopic, genetic, and biomarker methodologies, are essentially the same as those in the original field samples. Field and greenhouse mats were similar with respect to rates of exchange of oxygen and dissolved inorganic carbon across the mat-water interface, both during the day and at night. Field and greenhouse mats exhibited similar rates of efflux of methane and hydrogen. Manipulations of salinity in the water overlying the mats produced changes in the community that strongly resemble those observed in the field. A collaboratory testbed and an array of automated features are being developed to support remote scientific experimentation with the assistance of intelligent software agents. This facility will permit teams of investigators the opportunity to explore ancient environmental conditions that are rare or absent today but that might have influenced the early evolution of these photosynthetic ecosystems.     

Proposal for a new radiation dose control system for future manned space flights

Radiation risk on a future long-duration manned space mission appears to be one of the basic factors in planning and designing the mission. Since 1988 different active dosimetric investigations has been performed on board the MIR space station by the Bulgarian-Russian dosimeter-radiometer LIULIN and French tissue-equivalent proportional counters CIRCE and NAUSICAA. A joint French-Bulgarian-Russian dosimetry experiment and the dosimetry-radiometry system RADIUS-MD have been developed for the future MARS-96 mission. On the base of the results and experience of these investigations a conception for a new radiation dose control system for the future orbital stations, lunar bases and interplanetary space ships is proposed. The proposed system which consists of different instruments will allow personal radiation control for crew members, radiation monitoring inside and outside each habitat, analysis and forecasting of the situation and will suggest procedures to minimize the radiation risk.     

Technical evolutions of the French multipurpose instruments for Cognitive Neurosciences

Since the first French flight in space in 1982, the CNES has developed a wide range of instruments, especially in the field of Neurosciences. The design of these instruments has considerably evolved from rather simple equipment up to much more sophisticated tools that are being specially tailored for these missions. Four major phases can be identified: -a simple adaptation of an echographe leading to the first neurosciences experiments (the ARAGATZ'88 mission), -the ILLUSIONS and VIMINAL instruments used during the ANTARES'92 and ALTAIR'93 missions, -the COGNILAB instrument developed for the CASSIOPEE'96 mission, to be re-used in 1997 and in 1999, -a preliminary design of the 1999 mission payload, including virtual reality concepts, in a modular design to adapt to the European COF. Aside from the evolution of scientific requirements, the experience gained during the flights led to progressive improvements in the different technical parts, including visual system, body restraint systems, accessories, such as a force feedback joystick, computer and software, etc. This paper describes the technical evolutions in the CNES Neurosciences program.     

传感器融合的统计集群分析法

传感器融合(SF)问题需要考虑的是，利用从多个独立传感器接收到的目标位置测量值来估计目标的数量和位置。采用集群分析法来解决这种问题。在集群分析问题中，我们应用多假设测试技术，并已开发出判断规则，它可确保产生虚假目标的概率小于假定概率，同时采用更精确的测量值可降低遗漏已存在目标的可能性，还可获得目标位置估计值。已经研究出了实现以上判定规则的计算方法。