适用于涡激振荡问题研究的并行高精度方法

提出了一种用于研究大振幅及物体间小间距等极端情况下涡激振荡（VIV）问题的高精度方法。该方法针对三角形/四边形非结构混合网格,采用高精度谱差分（SD）格式对Navier-Stokes方程进行空间离散。通过引入非均匀滑移网格方法,将计算域分割成多个互相不重合的子区域,从而实现了子区域网格的独立变形,子区域之间通过粘接元进行信息传递。采用全耦合方法精确求解VIV问题中流体和固体间的相互作用。通过研究并行策略以及使用消息传递接口,实现了求解器的并行计算能力。数值模拟表明：对于无黏和有黏流动问题,该方法均能保持SD方法的高精度特性;对于动网格下的定常均匀来流,求解器能够做到自由流保持;单个圆柱VIV问题仿真与现有文献结果符合较好,验证了方法的可靠性;对于流场变形情况比较复杂的涡激振荡问题,求解器可以有效实现网格变形,并具有理想的并行效率。     

Impact craters as biospheric microenvironments, Lawn Hill Structure, Northern Australia

Impact craters on Mars act as traps for eolian sediment and in the past may have provided suitable microenvironments that could have supported and preserved a stressed biosphere. If this is so, terrestrial impact structures such as the 18-km-diameter Lawn Hill Structure, in northern Australia, may prove useful as martian analogs. We sampled outcrop and drill core from the carbonate fill of the Lawn Hill Structure and recorded its gamma-log signature. Facies data along with whole rock geochemistry and stable isotope signatures show that the crater fill is an outlier of the Georgina Basin and was formed by impact at, or shortly before, approximately 509-506 million years ago. Subsequently, it was rapidly engulfed by the Middle Cambrian marine transgression, which filled it with shallow marine carbonates and evaporites. The crater formed a protected but restricted microenvironment in which sediments four times the thickness of the nearby basinal succession accumulated. Similar structures, common on the martian surface, may well have acted as biospheric refuges as the planet's water resources declined. Low-pH aqueous environments on Earth similar to those on Mars, while extreme, support diverse ecologies. The architecture of the eolian crater fill would have been defined by long-term ground water cycles resulting from intermittent precipitation in an extremely arid climate. Nutrient recycling, critical to a closed lacustrine sub-ice biosphere, could be provided by eolian transport onto the frozen water surface.     

单片集成温度传感器

本文介绍利用双极型晶体管和集成电路构成温度传感器的各种方法。讨论了单晶体管敏感元件的性能。文中提出二种集成电路,其一的输出电流精确地正比于绝对温度。另一种新型的集成电路的输出电流可按°C、°F或任意分度。此外还介绍了一些供特殊应用的集成温度传感器,其中包括精密的小量程温度传感器、具有逻辑及模似信号输出的温度传感器和温控振荡器。     

STUDY ON TRANSONIC CASCADE PERFORMANCE BY USE OF NEWLY BUILT FACILITY

Progress in computational fluid dynamics in the field of turbomachine cascades has increased recently the importance of the study by cascade wind tunnels to verify various newly introduced concepts. A transonic cascade wind tunnel test facility has been built for this purpose in the Department of Aeronautics, University of Tokyo. The system and operation of this facility will be explained in detail. The tunnel is of blowdown type, and can be run repeatedly at a short interval. Experimental cascade performances obtained by this facility as well as numerical results for cascades designed along new concepts are discussed.     

基于Volterra级数的非定常气动力降阶模型

为了满足气动伺服弹性分析与综合的需要,优化了一种基于Volterra级数的非线性非定常气动力降阶模型。通过CFD技术计算出的广义非定常气动力阶跃响应辨识出Volterra核,应用特征系统实现算法建立非定常气动力的状态空间模型,并将该模型应用于气动弹性计算。用气动弹性标准模型AGARD 445.6机翼对该降阶模型做了验证,结果表明这种方法可以快速准确地求解气动弹性问题。     

无线机载娱乐系统前景广阔

无线技术具有高效、经济、质轻和维修量少等优点.它最初的应用始于上世纪90年代后期.1996年瓦卢航空公司的一架DC-9因货舱失火而坠机,FAA要求航空公司为其机队安装烟雾探测和灭火系统.用硬接线的方法在飞机上安装这样一个系统需要花700小时和增加几百千克的导线.而由Securaplane公司推出的一种无线装置可使工时和导线重量都减少70%.以美国西南航空公司作为启动用户,Securaplane公司的首个无线装置在1998年获得STC(补充型号证书),被批准用于空运服务.目前,该公司的产品已安装在数百架飞机上,包括"湾流"Ⅳ和波音777-200.其最新型的ST3000烟雾探测和灭火装置采用无线传感器,可与中央控制系统采用扩频RF进行通信.     

Validity and Sensitivity of a Brief Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT-B) to Total and Partial Sleep Deprivation

The Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) objectively assesses fatigue-related changes in alertness associated with sleep loss, extended wakefulness, circadian misalignment, and time on task. The standard 10-min PVT is often considered impractical in applied contexts. To address this limitation, we developed a modified brief 3-min version of the PVT (PVT-B). The PVT-B was validated in controlled laboratory studies with 74 healthy subjects (34 female, aged 22-45 years) that participated either in a total sleep deprivation (TSD) study involving 33 hours awake (N=31 subjects) or in a partial sleep deprivation (PSD) protocol involving 5 consecutive nights of 4 hours time in bed (N=43 subjects). PVT and PVT-B were performed regularly during wakefulness. Effect sizes of 5 key PVT outcomes were larger for TSD than PSD and larger for PVT than for PVT-B for all outcomes. Effect size was largest for response speed (reciprocal response time) for both the PVT-B and the PVT in both TSD and PSD. According to Cohen's criteria, effect sizes for the PVT-B were still large (TSD) or medium to large (PSD, except for fastest 10% RT). Compared to the 70% decrease in test duration the 22.7% (range 6.9%-67.8%) average decrease in effect size was deemed an acceptable trade-off between duration and sensitivity. Overall, PVT-B performance had faster response times, more false starts and fewer lapses than PVT performance (all p<0.01). After reducing the lapse threshold from 500 ms to 355 ms for PVT-B, mixed model ANOVAs indicated no differential sensitivity to sleep loss between PVT-B and PVT for all outcome variables (all P>0.15) but the fastest 10% response times during PSD (P<0.001), and effect sizes increased from 1.38 to 1.49 (TSD) and 0.65 to 0.76 (PSD), respectively. In conclusion, PVT-B tracked standard 10-min PVT performance throughout both TSD and PSD, and yielded medium to large effect sizes. PVT-B may be a useful tool for assessing behavioral alertness in settings where the duration of the 10-min PVT is considered impractical, although further validation in applied settings is needed.     

Investigation of low-energy proton effects on aptamer performance for astrobiological applications

Biochips are promising instruments for the search for organic molecules in planetary environments. Nucleic acid aptamers are powerful affinity receptors known for their high affinity and specificity, and therefore are of great interest for space biochip development. A wide variety of aptamers have already been selected toward targets of astrobiological interest (from amino acids to microorganisms). We present a first study to test the resistance of these receptors to the constraints of the space environment. The emphasis is on the effect of cosmic rays on the molecular recognition properties of DNA aptamers. Experiments on beam-line facilities have been conducted with 2 MeV protons and fluences much higher than expected for a typical mission to Mars. Our results show that this irradiation process did not affect the performances of DNA aptamers as molecular recognition tools.     

吉尔南再入测量站在美国战略武器试验中的作用

吉尔南再入测量站(KREMS)是一个雷达测量站,位于马绍尔群岛中夸贾林珊瑚礁的罗伊—纳慕岛。该站是夸贾林导弹靶场的一部份,为各种导弹试验和空间跟踪任务收集雷达测量数据。这些数据可供各有关部门用来鉴定弹道导弹再入系统、防御系统以及美国和外国的卫星系统。本文对吉尔南再入测量站、测量能力及其在弹道导弹试验和空间跟踪活动中的作用等方面做了介绍。