Rock surfaces as life indicators: new ways to demonstrate life and traces of former life

Life and its former traces can only be detected from space when they are abundant and exposed to the planetary atmosphere at the moment of investigation by orbiters. Exposed rock surfaces present a multifractal labyrinth of niches for microbial life. Based upon our studies of highly stress-resistant microcolonial fungi of stone monument and desert rock surfaces, we propose that microbial biofilms that develop and become preserved on rock surfaces can be identified remotely by the following characteristics: (1) the existence of spectroscopically identifiable compounds that display unique adsorption, diffraction, and reflection patterns characteristic of biogenerated organic compounds (e.g., chlorophylls, carotenes, melanins, and possibly mycosporines), (2) demonstrably biogenic geomorphological features (e.g., biopitting, biochipping, and bioexfoliation), and (3) biominerals produced in association with biofilms that occupy rock surfaces (e.g., oxalates, forsterite, and special types of carbonates, sulfides, and silicates). Such traces or biosignatures of former life could provide macroscopically visible morphotypes and chemically identifiable products uniquely indicative of life.     

固体火箭的优化设计

本文阐述了固体火箭初步设计的数值优化方法。该优化从整体观点出发将内弹道和外弹道同时考虑。所需工时的显著减少能够大大地缩短设计过程,用这种方法更容易进行灵活的设计。     

双基火箭推进剂的物理老化

在-40℃～+60℃温度范围内研究了老化对三种双基推进剂力学性能的影响。在60℃左右,主要是化学现象改变了硝化棉的性质。在-40～+20℃主要是类似于无定形聚合物的物理老化观象。把推进剂简单加热到60℃,物理老化的影响就大部分消除。从60℃骤冷,18小时内,双基推进剂在20℃的硬度等温地增加约30％。推进剂老化速率会因机械加载显著地增加。双基推进剂物理老化现象的深入研究可能导出一种使推进剂力学性能复原的方法。     

Sightseeing [far] beyond the Great Wall

International plans for space tourism are reviewed, with emphasis on plans developed in China and Japan. Economic aspects associated with the satellite launch market are discussed.     

Creating a space exploration industry

The article provides an overview of funding for space exploration to the Moon and Mars under NASA's direction, and presents an argument for the creation of a commercial space industry.     

计算机分析加快了波纹喇叭设计

当波纹喇叭天线的张角、轴长和直径给出后,利用写成BASIC语言的计算机程序可以很快地预知天线辐射方向图。     

舰载雷达的发展趋势

目前进行的两大多国海军防空计划——北约反空袭系统(NAAWS)和防空导弹系统系列(FAMS)的目的是为了满足对未来舰载雷达的迫切需求.     

DASIG:一种多处理机的数据和信号处理体系结构

本文介绍了一种称为DASIG机的灵活的计算机体系结构,准备用于数据和信号处理。该机实际上包括任意数量并行工作的可编微程序数字和/或信号处理部件。每一部件具有4K高速缓冲存贮器和三个长为16的队列。这些队列用于部件问的通信。利用4K高速缓冲存贮器可在部件问或从主存贮器成块传送数据,所以各部件在完成各自任务中与其它部件的交互影响很少。数字处理部件由可编微程序的位片数字硬件结构组成,这些硬件结构能够级联一至八个位组。信号处理部件由专门用于极快信号处理的高速可编微程序的位片数字信号处理硬件组成。典型的DASIG机配置能为很多种数字和信号处理提供杰出的性能,它包括三个部件:全局接口部件、数据处理部件和信号处理部件。本文介绍了DASIG机的总体结构,然后介绍数字处理部件和信号处理部件的结构以及处理机的同步问题。最后讨论DASIG机的性能和灵活性。