The Physical Foundation of Forecasting Disturbances in the Geospace From Solar Disk Characteristics

The five main types of antisunward propagating energetic fluxes (particles and emission) may be thought of as well established to date, the effects of which lead to a particilar character of disturbance in the near-terrestrial environment (the Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere and atmosphere). The strongest global restructuring of the magnetosphere and ionosphere is caused by fluxes of relatively dense n of 1-70 cm-3 at the Earth's orbit) Solar Wind (SW) quasi-neutral, low-energy (E ＜ 10 keV) plasma which cause magnetospheric and ionospheric storms lasting 24 hours or longer. For that reason, main attention is given to their study at the initial stage of research. The physical essence of the method of predicting disturbances in the near-terrestrial space environment, the amplitude of which can be expressed in, for example, the Kp index units, involves:(1) identifying all the most geo-effective SW streams of type, (2) determing their sources on the solar disk,and (3) quantifying the correlations between the characteristics of their solar sources with a maximum value of the Kp-index that is caused by the concerned type of SW stream. Semi-phenomenological relations have been obtained, which relate parameters of type SW stream sources to characteristics of geomagnetic storms:storm commencement, the time at which the storm intensity reaches its maximum values, the storm duration,as well as to the storm amplitude expressed in terms of geomagnetic indeces.      

基于多特征融合的航天器锂电池健康评估技术

传统的航天器蓄电池可靠性试验按照最大放电深度进行定额充放电，所构建的失效模型用于支撑航天器总体可靠性设计，不能用于在轨锂离子蓄电池健康评估任务；航天器在蓄电池遥测的采样率、精度、样本量方面无法与民用领域相比，基于高采样、大样本的民用蓄电池健康估计方法也不适用于在轨锂离子蓄电池健康评估。针对该问题，从在轨航天器蓄电池数据特性出发，挖掘在轨状态下所能提取的退化特征，并采用多特征综合评价方法，设计了一种基于多特征融合的在轨锂离子蓄电池健康评估方法，实现了在轨蓄电池放电内阻、同放电深度下的终端电压、恒压充电时间3项退化特征融合的健康量化评估，应用于某型号卫星的在轨监测与健康评估，具有良好的工程实用性，可作为国内航天器健康评估技术的参考。     

降阶脉冲发动机的点火控制逻辑

本文研究脉冲发动机在战术导弹,特别是空空导弹上的应用.因为其飞行任务要求对能量消耗作仔细地监控.一般的中程空空导弹使用助推-主发动机作为动力.除了接近交会之外,发射时导弹雷达导引头并不知道目标.一般的中程空空导弹使用比例导航或者在终段制导使用改进的比例导航,同时为了使导弹在较高的高度飞行以减小阻力,在中段附加了预编程的     

耐用防热方案的验证试验

为了给未来空间运载系统表面提供耐用的热防护,正在研制三种新型防热系统(TPS):钛合金多层壁、超级合金蜂窝和新的碳-碳多支柱结构。该文介绍这些方案的验证试验(热、振动、噪声、存放环境、雷击、气动热)。初步试验结果表明三种防热方案,可以在2300°F以下表面温度范围内使用。     

New results for the space radiation environment of MIR space station obtained by Liulin dosimeter-radiometer. Comparison with LET spectrometer NAUSICAA

Since 1988 high sensitivity semiconductor dosimeter-radiometer “Liulin” worked on board of MIR space station. Device measured the absorbed dose rate and the flux of penetrating particles. The analysis of the data hows the following new results:

In October 1989 and after March 24, 1991, two additional stable maximums in flux channel were observed in the southern-eastern part of South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). These two maximums existed at least several months and seem to be due to trapped high energy electron and proton fluxes. In April 1991 additional maximums were localized in the following geographical coordinates regions: LATITUDE = (−35 °)–(−50 °) LONGITUDE = 332 ° − 16 ° and lat.(−46 °)–(−52 °) long. 360 ° − 60 °. Additional maximums diffusion occurs inside radiation belt. Appearance of these maximums seems to be closely connected with preceding powerful solar proton events and associated geomagnetic dynamics of new belt disturbances. After the series of solar proton events in June 1991 we observed significant enhancement of this new radiation belt formation. To achieve sufficient accuracy of dose rate predictions in low Earth orbits the structure and dynamics of new belt should be carefully analyzed to be included in a new environment model.

From the inter comparison of the data from “Liulin” and French developed tissue equivalent LET spectrometer NAUSICAA in the time period August–November 1992 we come to the following conclusions: Mainly there is good agreement between both data sets for absorbed dose in the region of SAA; Different situation of the instruments on the station can explain the cases when differences up to 2 times are observed; At high latitudes usually the tissue equivalent absorbed dose observations are 2 times larger than “Liulin” doses.     

Adaptational changes in the neural control of cardiorespiratory function in a confined environment: the CNEC#3 experiment

The goal of the study was to characterize the changes in neurovegetative control of the circulation, attending the presumed physiological and psychological stress originated by the isolation and confinement typical of the living condition of space stations, as simulated in a ground based unit, using time and frequency domain analysis. As a secondary goal we sought to verify the implementation of real time data acquisition, for off line spectral analisys of R-R interval, systolic arterial pressure (by Finapres) and respiration (by PVF2 piezoelectric sensors).

We addressed the cardiorespiratory and neurovegetative responses to standardized, simple Stressors (active standing, dynamic and static handgrip) on the EXEMSI 92 crew, before, during and after the isolation period.

On average the appropriate excitatory responses (to stand, dynamic and static handgrip) were elicited also in isolation and confinement.

Active standing and small masses muscular exercises are easy to be performed in a confined and isolated environment and provide a valuable tool for investigating the adaptational changes in neural control mechanisms.

The possibility there exists of using this time and frequency domain approach to monitor the level of performance and well being of the space crew in (quasi) real time.     

欧洲计算流体力学——个人观点

介绍了70年代初到20世纪末欧洲科学家对CFD发展的主要贡献,并重点关注了对国际流体力学数值方法会议(ICNMFD)和国际计算力学学术会议(ISCFD)的成功举办具有重大贡献的科学家.ICNMFD始于1969年(新西伯利亚),由参与了美国和苏联太空竞赛的两国科学家联合创办,而ISCFD则作为ICNMFD在亚太地区的同类会议初创于1995年(东京).由Oshima教授和本人提议,得益于上述两个会议全体科学委员会成员的共同努力,ICNMFD和ISCFD自2000年开始,合并成为每两年举办一次的国际计算流体力学会议(ICCFD).绝大部分本文讨论所涉及的学者通常都在受邀进行大会报告后,成为了前述三大国际会议中的一个或多个科学委员会的成员.作者对文中讨论所涉及的研究人员的圈定负有全权责任,上述人员的选择更多地基于应用而非理论计算流体力学,因此尚存在不完善之处.此外由于文中所讨论的学者大都是作者在40多年计算流体力学研究生涯中的私交好友,因此并没有将年轻一代的科学家考虑进来,但这并非由于他们的贡献不重要.另外值得注意的是欧洲的计算流体力学同美国的计算流体力学有非常紧密的联系,本文讨论所涉及的研究学者有些最早从欧洲开始涉足计算流体力学而现在则生活和工作于美国(例如Glowinski,Roe,Van Leer等人),而有些则是在美国取得了博士学位(例如Launder,Napolitano),他们都同美国的科学家进行过合作,因此很难清晰地对欧洲和美国的计算流体力学进行界定.对那些现已移居美国的欧洲科学家们,本文优先考虑了他们移居之前的贡献.最后但并非是最不重要的,作者通过电子邮件一一联系了文中所涉及的科学家,希望他们本人能够给出其自身贡献的评价草稿,从而帮助作者以最权威的视角在文中相应章节对其工作进行评述.本文向提供自述评价的诸位致以谢意,同时也希望其他同仁能够对本人不恰当的擅自评述给予谅解.