A regenerable carbon dioxide removal and oxygen recovery system for the Japanese Experiment Module

The Japanese Space Station Program is now under Phase B study by the National Space Development Agency of Japan in participation with the U.S. Space Station Program. A Japanese Space Station participation will be a dedicated pressurized module to be attached to the U.S. Space Station, and is called Japanese Experiment Module (JEM). Astronaut scientists will conduct various experimental operations there. Thus an environment control and life support system is required. Regenerable carbon dioxide removal and collection technique as well as oxygen recovery technique has been studied and investigated for several years. A regenerable carbon dioxide removal subsystem using steam desorbed solid amine and an oxygen recovery subsystem using Sabatier methane cracking have a good possibility for the application to the Japanese Experiment Module. Basic performance characteristics of the carbon dioxide removal and oxygen recovery subsystem are presented according to the results of a fundamental performance test program. The trace contaminant removal process is also investigated and discussed. The solvent recovery plant for the regeneration of various industrial solvents, such as hydrocarbons, alcohols and so on, utilizes the multi-bed solvent adsorption and steam desorption process, which is very similar to the carbon dioxide removal subsystem. Therefore, to develop essential components including adsorption tank (bed), condenser. process controller and energy saving system, the technology obtained from the experience to construct solvent recovery plant can be easily and effectively applicable to the carbon dioxide removal subsystem. The energy saving efficiency is evaluated for blower power reduction, steam reduction and waste heat utilization technique. According to the above background, the entire environment control and life support system for the Japanese Experiment Module including the carbon dioxide removal and oxygen recovery subsystem is evaluated and proposed.     

The Urey instrument: an advanced in situ organic and oxidant detector for Mars exploration

The Urey organic and oxidant detector consists of a suite of instruments designed to search for several classes of organic molecules in the martian regolith and ascertain whether these compounds were produced by biotic or abiotic processes using chirality measurements. These experiments will also determine the chemical stability of organic molecules within the host regolith based on the presence and chemical reactivity of surface and atmospheric oxidants. Urey has been selected for the Pasteur payload on the European Space Agency's (ESA's) upcoming 2013 ExoMars rover mission. The diverse and effective capabilities of Urey make it an integral part of the payload and will help to achieve a large portion of the mission's primary scientific objective: "to search for signs of past and present life on Mars." This instrument is named in honor of Harold Urey for his seminal contributions to the fields of cosmochemistry and the origin of life.     

具有最低旁瓣电平和使用粒子群优化算法控制零陷的线性阵几何综合

描述了具有最低旁瓣电平和使用粒子群优化算法（PSO）控制零陷的线性阵几何综合方法。PSO是一种最新开发的高性能优化算法，它能解决一般的N维线性和非线性优化问题。与遗传算法和模拟退火等其他进化算法相比，PSO算法更易于理解和实现，并且要求最少的数学预处理。针对以旁瓣抑制（SLL）和／或在特定方向放置零陷为目标的优化问题，首先提出了阵列几何综合的公式，然后运用PSO算法来解决单元的位置优化问题。最后给出了3个PSO算法应用的设计实例，且每个实例中的优化目标都易于实现。通过与使用二次规划方法（QPM）获得的结果相比较，验证了PSO算法结果的有效性。     

Adelaide地区大气重力波的气辉观测

利用澳大利亚Adelaide(34.5°S,138.5°E)地区7年(1995-2001年)的OH和OI气辉观测数据,以及同地区中频雷达所测背景风场数据,通过最大熵谱分析方法,统计分析了该地区大尺度重力波的传播特性.结果表明,(1)在中层顶气辉观测区,利用OH气辉探测到48个重力波事件,利用OI气辉探测到29个重力波事件,这些重力波的周期和水平相速度分别集中在68 min和36 m/s左右,具有东南向的优势传播方向,平均仰角为8°～10°,接近水平方向传播;(2)通过OH气辉和OI气辉观测到了同一个重力波事件,并根据两个高度上观测到的扰动相位差判断该重力波为上行波.     

土星磁层顶的Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性和磁流体表面波

本文采用可压缩磁流体力学近似并选取Voyager-1的观测数据,讨论了土星磁层顶的Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性和磁流体表面波.计算表明,土星磁层随星体自转同磁鞘流之间的速度差,可以在地方时午前、中午和距中午不远的午后磁层顶激发不稳定性;午前和午后区有很强的非对称性.计算所得的波的特性与观测一致.     

振荡器的计算机辅助设计与组装

本文综述了贝尔实验室在应用计算机方面的经验,包括模拟和设计、数据采集、数据分析、元件选择和其它各种各样的工作。过去,石英晶体振荡器可以很容易地应用线性电路模型来模拟。虽然存在非线性模型(例如,Spicc.Capitol等),但它们不能被用来对晶体振荡器进行闭环分析,因为其中包括有高Q参数。然而最近Waterloo大学研究的WATAND程序已变得很有效并可适用于石英晶体振荡器的闭环非线性分析。在贝尔实验室,线性和非线性两种分析程序正用于评价新设计,同时特别注意元件变化对工艺的影响。计算机完成原始数据采集任务的方法是对温度补偿晶体振荡器进行频率温度测量。附加的应用是对振荡器进行最后的室温检验,以便确定波形特征、功率损耗、电源灵敏性和频率牵引范围(对于压控晶体振荡器)。应用实时元件选择的方法有助于把电阻组合选择来与根据温度试验数据的分析所确定的数值相适应。在压控晶体振荡器和温度补偿压控晶体振荡器中,用实时元件选择的方法来调整变容二极管的工作点,使频率一电压牵引特性最佳。其他应用包括:对性能数据进行统计分析,以便于计划产量;使用模-数和数-模变换器模拟数字补偿流程图来与以微处理器为基础的计算机相对接,以及模拟双转角晶体切型的温度特性。     

聚酯砼做桥面板覆面层

由于公路桥面板的长期使用，受到不程度的损坏，更由于不断地使用除冰盐消除冬季的水和雪，氧气、氯化物和水渗入桥面板中造成钢筋的锈蚀，使得损坏更为严重。为了保护桥面板，经研究使用酯－苯乙烯聚合物砼做覆面层，能起到保护桥面板的作用，文章着重介绍了材料的性能和使用。     

发动机状态监控

发动机状态监控为监控发动机性能和状况提供了一种有效的方法，可以利用这方面的信息来测量发动机在使用寿命期内的可靠性，可以手工记录和分析发动机的数据，但用计算机系统处理数据更为可靠，灵活，本文讨论了发动机状态监控技术及可能的发展方向，强调使用以计算机为基础的自动化系统。