涡轮性能实验研究

对液体火箭发动机主涡轮的性能试验进行了介绍。主要包括涡轮性能吹风试验系统的配置、模拟试验参数的选择、性能换算方法的确定和试验数据的处理方法。同时对热试车后涡轮性能的计算也作了介绍,并将热试结果与模拟试验结果进行了对比,肯定了模拟试验的正确性。最后就实际应用中的一些问题进行了分析。     

LEO原子氧剥蚀太阳电池阵Ag互连材料的试验研究

暴露在低地球轨道(LEO)上的太阳电池阵,会与大量具有极强氧化性的原子氧发生碰撞,导致太阳电池阵中对氧原子敏感的Ag互连材料受到剥蚀。文章依据原子氧剥蚀Ag材料的机理,选取了约400 km高度轨道上1年时间内原子氧的累积通量作为最高剂量,进行了原子氧剥蚀不同厚度Ag互连材料的地面模拟环境试验。试验表明:Ag在原子氧作用下在宏观上会经历"氧化—剥落"的循环剥蚀过程。根据反应方程简化推导了Ag互连片的剥蚀厚度公式,同时结合试验结果计算出了不同厚度Ag互连材料的厚度损失率。该研究成果可为LEO太阳电池阵原子氧防护设计提供技术支持。     

基于代理模型全局优化的自适应参数化方法

对于翼型气动隐身设计问题,设计变量的配置对设计结果影响很大,而简单地增加设计变量不能保证得到理想的结果。提出一种适用于代理模型全局优化的自适应参数化方法：利用全局敏感性分析方法——基本效应法,得到设计空间关于目标函数的敏感区域信息,并以此为根据增加设计变量;利用节点插入算法将低维样本在高维空间内进行重构,避免了重新取样的工作量。相对于传统固定设计空间维度方法,自适应参数化方法在设计空间的敏感区域扩展维度,能够更加精准地描述外形并反映目标的变化趋势。通过飞翼布局翼型的气动隐身优化算例,证实自适应参数化方法可以大幅提高优化设计质量和效率。     

模块化空间折展机构研究现状与展望

模块化空间折展机构具有拓展灵活、通用性好、适应性强等特点,可满足长距离深空探测、长期在轨空间站建设和超广域卫星通信等重大航天工程对大型/超大型空间折展机构的需求,是一种新型关键的航天装备。针对应用需求,阐述了模块化空间折展机构领域的研究进展,重点介绍了伸展臂、太阳翼和空间可展开天线等3类折展机构中具有模块化特征的典型构型,分析了模块化空间折展机构的结构组成、展开原理、驱动方式及应用现状,从机构创新设计方法、地面微重力试验及仿真、空间在轨装配技术、空间在轨建造技术等4个方面,展望了模块化空间折展机构未来的发展方向,旨在为大型空间折展机构的研究和应用提供借鉴与参考。     

航空发动机主轴疲劳寿命预测方法研究

对航空发动机主轴疲劳寿命分析多采用斯贝MK202发动机应力标准EGD-3中提供的方法。本文以某涡轮轴为对象,基于EGD-3方法,分别采用通过查表和有限元法计算得到的应力集中系数进行寿命估算,并利用应力修正系数法对主轴低周疲劳寿命分析,并将结果与传统名义应力法计算结果对比。结果表明：运用应力修正系数法估算主轴低周疲劳寿命结果与EGD-3查表结果相当,是可行的;在高低周载荷下,使用有限元法计算应力集中系数的EGD-3方法计算的主轴疲劳寿命更符合实验结果。     

硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料夹芯气孔缺陷研究

在介绍了泡沫塑料成型机理与过程的基础上，重点研究了模塑成型的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料夹芯上气孔缺陷的类型及产生原因，指出可从发泡原料组分、发泡工艺及模塑型腔设计等方面采取措施来显著减轻夹芯气孔缺陷。     

随钻用光纤陀螺惯导系统振动误差建模与辨识

随钻振动工作环境下,针对惯导系统传统的线性器件误差模型不能适用于线振动工作环境的问题,提出了适用于振动条件下的高阶器件误差模型。通过分析二次项误差在静止与振动状态下的误差传播特性,得出加速度计二次项误差为线振动中主要误差项,建立包含加速度计二次项误差的36阶Kalman滤波器。与传统33阶误差模型相比,36阶误差模型可以有效分离和辨识器件误差。最后,在线振动状态下进行导航验证。结果表明,补偿了二次项误差之后的导航误差得到了大幅优化,速度误差由50m/s减小至2.2m/s,位置误差由90000m减小至2000m,姿态误差由0.7°减小至0.01°。     

Detection of aerosol pollution sources during sandstorms in Northwestern China using remote sensed and model simulated data

The present paper has used a comprehensive approach to study atmosphere pollution sources including the study of vertical distribution characteristics, the epicenters of occurrence and transport of atmospheric aerosol in North-West China under intensive dust storm registered in all cities of the region in April 2014. To achieve this goal, the remote sensing data using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite (MODIS) as well as model-simulated data, were used, which facilitate tracking the sources, routes, and spatial extent of dust storms. The results of the study have shown strong territory pollution with aerosol during sandstorm. According to ground-based air quality monitoring stations data, concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 exceeded 400?μg/m³ and 150?μg/m³, respectively, the ratio PM_2.5/PM₁₀ being within the range of 0.123–0.661. According to MODIS/Terra Collection 6 Level-2 aerosol products data and the Deep Blue algorithm data, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550?nm in the pollution epicenter was within 0.75–1. The vertical distribution of aerosols indicates that the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) 532?nm total attenuates backscatter coefficient ranges from 0.01 to 0.0001?km^?1?×?sr^?1 with the distribution of the main types of aerosols in the troposphere of the region within 0–12.5?km, where the most severe aerosol contamination is observed in the lower troposphere (at 3–6?km). According to satellite sounding and model-simulated data, the sources of pollution are the deserted regions of Northern and Northwestern China.     

Validation on MERSI/FY-3A precipitable water vapor product

The precipitable water vapor is one of the most active gases in the atmosphere which strongly affects the climate. China's second-generation polar orbit meteorological satellite FY-3A equipped with a Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI) is able to detect atmospheric water vapor. In this paper, water vapor data from AERONET, radiosonde and MODIS were used to validate the accuracy of the MERSI water vapor product in the different seasons and climatic regions of East Asia. The results show that the values of MERSI water vapor product are relatively lower than that of the other instruments and its accuracy is generally lower. The mean bias (MB) was ?0.8 to ?12.7?mm, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 2.2–17.0?mm, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) varied from 31.8% to 44.1%. On the spatial variation, the accuracy of MERSI water vapor product in a descending order was from North China, West China, Japan -Korea, East China, to South China, while the seasonal variation of accuracy was the best for winter, followed by spring, then in autumn and the lowest in summer. It was found that the errors of MERSI water vapor product was mainly due to the low accuracy of radiation calibration of the MERSI absorption channel, along with the inaccurate look-up table of apparent reflectance and water vapor within the water vapor retrieved algorithm. In addition, the surface reflectance, the mixed pixels of image cloud, the humidity and temperature of atmospheric vertical profile and the haze were also found to have affected the accuracy of MERSI water vapor product.     

机载液冷源系统热特性仿真实验研究

大功率的航空机载电子设备会存在超温问题,相比于风冷,采用液冷源对设备进行冷却具有更好的散热效果,因此需要对液冷源系统进行热特性仿真计算。以某型机载液冷源为例,建立其主要部件（包括储液箱、齿轮泵、散热器等）的传热理论数值计算模型,仿真分析-40~40 ℃温度工况下的系统热特性,并通过状态机编程实现超温情况下的温控仿真。结果表明：该型机载液冷源系统在典型工况下温度指标基本满足冷板进口温度（5~30 ℃）的技术指标要求;在系统温度上下偏值较大的情况下,采取提高风机转速或打开冲压空气口的控制方法,可明显改善该问题且冷板温度基本控制在 5~15 ℃范围内。