热障涂层在涡轮叶片应用中的热防护有效性

建立了含热障涂层的涡轮叶片简化传热模型,通过理论推导建立了热障涂层的有效性判据,并基于此进行了热防护有效性分析。理论分析与数值实验表明:由热障涂层带来的复合传热表面传热系数的变化会显著影响热障涂层的热防护效果;在发动机典型工况下,对于处于高温区的高压涡轮叶片前缘处,热障涂层引起的复合传热表面传热系数变化率最大值的范围为1.25%~10.83%以满足热防护有效性要求。在工程中应特别注意由于热障涂层的应用带来的复合传热表面传热系数的变化,否则会导致热防护失效,甚至产生反效果。      

脉冲电流大厚度电解线切割加工试验

航空航天难加工材料直纹面构件的高精度高表面完整性加工已经成为制造领域普遍关注和亟需解决的难题,电解线切割加工在高表面完整性要求加工场合上具有原理性优势。建立脉冲电流电解线切割加工模型,分析了工件厚度变化带来的影响。试验结果表明：随着工件厚度增加,电解液电阻减小,工件两端极间电压减小,加工缝宽变窄;双电层时间常数增大,脉宽时间内充电所能达到的电位降低,有效加工时间变短,平均电流密度较低;脉冲频率大于20 kHz时,最大进给速度随频率增加而快速减小,低于20 kHz时,最大加工速度差别较小。最后,采用脉冲频率20 kHz,以进给速度4 μm/s稳定加工出20 mm厚榫头/榫槽结构,表面粗糙度约为0.449 4 μm,表面质量、加工效率明显高于100 kHz加工效果。     

Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical RP-3 in inclined pipe

Numerical simulations of flow and heat transfer to supercritical RP-3 through the inclined tubes have been performed using LS k–e model embedded in Fluent. The physical properties of RP-3 were obtained using the generalized corresponding state laws based on the fourcomponent surrogate model. Mass flow rate is 0.3 g/s, system pressure is 3 MPa, inlet temperature is 373 K. Inclination of the inclined pipe varied from -90° to 90°, with heat flux varied from 300 k W/m~2 to 400 kW/m~2. Comparison between the calculated result and the experimental data indicates the range of error reasonable. The results of ±45° show that temperature inhomogeneity in inclined pipe produce the secondary flow in its cross section due to the buoyancy force. Depending on the strength of the temperature inhomogeneity, there will be two different forms of secondary flow and both contribute to the convective heat transfer in the pipe. The secondary flow intensity decreases when the inhomogeneity alleviates and thermal acceleration will play a leading role. It will have a greater impact on the turbulent flow to affect the convective heat transfer in the pipe. When changing the inclination, it affects the magnitude of the buoyant component in flow direction. The angle increases, the buoyancy component decreases. And the peak temperature of wall dominated by the secondary flow will move forward and increase in height.     

An experimental system for release simulation of internal stores in a supersonic wind tunnel

Aerodynamic parameters obtained from separation experiments of internal stores in a wind tunnel are significant in aircraft designs. Accurate wind tunnel tests can help to improve the release stability of the stores and in-flight safety of the aircrafts in supersonic environments.A simulative system for free drop experiments of internal stores based on a practical project is provided in this paper. The system contains a store release mechanism, a control system and an attitude measurement system. The release mechanism adopts a six-bar linkage driven by a cylinder, which ensures the release stability. The structure and initial aerodynamic parameters of the stores are also designed and adjusted. A high speed vision measurement system for high speed rolling targets is utilized to measure the pose parameters of the internal store models and an optimizing method for the coordinates of markers is presented based on a priori model. The experimental results show excellent repeatability of the system, and indicate that the position measurement precision is less than0.13 mm, and the attitude measurement precision for pitch and yaw angles is less than 0.126°, satisfying the requirements of practical wind tunnel tests. A separation experiment for the internal stores is also conducted in the FL-3 wind tunnel of China Aerodynamics Research Institute.     

电网电压不平衡及谐波畸变时基波电压正负序分量分离新方法

针对传统锁相环(PLL)在电网电压不平衡及谐波畸变下利用常规软件锁相环不能准确获取相位的问题,提出了一种新的正负序分量分离新方法。利用了相序解耦谐振控制器能去除高次谐波和延时信号消除(DSC)法可滤除特定谐波的特性,将相序解耦谐振和延时信号消除法结合起来,达到更好的正负序分量分离的效果。最后,采用MATLAB/Simulink软件仿真结果证明了所提出方法的可行性和有效性。     

某型民用运输机主起落架连接区结构静力试验

飞机静力试验是飞机试验的重要内容之一,是验证飞机结构强度和静力分析正确性的重要手段。为验证某型民用运输机主起落架连接区结构满足静强度要求,以及有限元计算分析的正确性,在静力试验飞机上进行了主起落架连接区结构静力试验。通过全机有限元模型和细节有限元模型分析计算,进行加载、应力\应变、位移试验数据与有限元计算值的分析对比,计算值与试验数据符合较好。     

内螺纹低频振动冷挤压试验研究

 内螺纹低频振动冷挤压加工是通过挤压丝锥棱齿的振动挤压,将传统内螺纹冷挤压加工中的干摩擦状态转变为更有利的边界摩擦状态,从而改善传统内螺纹冷挤压加工过程中冷却润滑液不易进入挤压区的严重缺陷。通过试验可知:随着激振频率的不断增大,挤压扭矩呈不断增大趋势;随着激振力的不断增大,挤压扭矩呈现为先减小后增大的趋势;随着激振力臂长度的不断增大,挤压扭矩总体呈不断增大的趋势。在其他工艺参数相同条件下,低频振动冷挤压可以进一步提高传统内螺纹的牙高率和改善牙顶处凹陷的缺陷,从而提高冷挤压内螺纹的抗疲劳强度及获得更好的表面形貌。     

潜载导弹水下弹射过程数值仿真

针对无横流影响的潜射导弹水下弹射过程瞬态流场变化情况,建立了多相流数学模型。考虑空穴模型,运用动网格技术,再现了导弹水下弹射过程的筒口气团、肩空泡的演变过程以及弹体底部、固壁的压力变化。仿真结果表明,筒口效应导致固壁各处的压力阶跃;筒口气团收缩拉断的过程中,闭合点处形成高压区,导致固壁各处压力剧烈上升,同时闭合点处产生的反射流撞击导弹底部引起压力变化。     

基于Patran/Nastran 和Hypersizer的复合材料后机身加筋结构形式选择分析

针对复合材料后机身加筋壁板构型选择问题,采用有限元前后置处理软件Patran建立有限元模型,使用有限元分析软件Nastran进行初步分析,利用复合材料结构分析与优化软件Hypersizer进行结构形式的优化计算分析,优选出后机身壁板最佳结构形式。通过计算分析,得出有意义的工程经验。     

高温合金涡轮转子叶片裂纹形成机理

高温合金涡轮转子在经历过多次发动机试车后荧光检查发现叶片根部存在裂纹,对涡轮转子叶片裂纹进行分析。结果表明,涡轮转子叶片裂纹位于叶片根部进出口薄壁区,裂纹的开裂模式为高温疲劳开裂,属于低周疲劳,为寿命型失效。试车过程中转子叶片根部应力集中部位在高温及交变应力的交互作用下,叶尖根部应力集中区域发生蠕变和晶界择优氧化,高温蠕变和沿晶氧化相互促进,导致叶片根部的晶界弱化开裂,形成了疲劳源区,进而在后续工作过程中发生高温疲劳扩展。