气膜孔倾角角度对单晶高温合金疲劳性能的影响(“两机”专刊)

为了研究气膜孔倾角角度对单晶高温合金疲劳性能的影响,设计倾角30°,45°,90°的14孔平板试样进行了同等应力水平下的高温疲劳试验,并对断裂后失效试件进行断口分析。基于晶体塑性理论,对不同倾角气膜孔平板件进行数值计算,分析孔边局部应力及损伤演化。结果表明,气膜孔倾角角度对疲劳性能影响显著,疲劳寿命90°>30°>45°,且45°倾角气膜孔孔边裂纹数明显多于其他两种。数值模拟显示,90°孔每个循环累积的应变相对较小,30°斜孔次之,45°斜孔最大,且 45°斜孔和 30°斜孔的棘轮应变累积速率明显高于直孔,30°斜孔的损伤和直孔的损伤较为接近,45°斜孔的损伤最大,数值分析与实验结果相一致。     

基于侧扫声纳图像的AUV侧向速度估计与DVL粗差检测

复杂水底环境和自主潜航器(AUV）机动会造成Doppler测速仪(DVL）速度测量结果中出现粗差,提出一种检测DVL速度粗差数据的方法。该方法利用侧扫声纳图像数据,结合SIFT特征匹配算法求取声纳图像的边缘特征点。根据声纳图像成像原理,计算出每一帧图像相对上一帧图像对应特征点像素的横向平移量;结合特征像素平移量与AUV实际横向位移的比例尺度关系以及声纳侧扫周期推算出AUV侧向速度。该侧向速度用于检测水下组合导航中DVL的速度粗差,在几十米水深的浅水区,该方法能够检测并剔除出大于0.2m/s的DVL侧向速度粗差,显著减小DVL前向速度误差。算法可实时实现,改善AUV水下组合导航性能。     

Investigating the soil removal characteristics of flexible tube coring method for lunar exploration

Compared with other technical solutions, sampling the planetary soil and returning it back to Earth may be the most direct method to seek the evidence of extraterrestrial life. To keep sample’s stratification for further analyzing, a novel sampling method called flexible tube coring has been adopted for China future lunar explorations. Given the uncertain physical properties of lunar regolith, proper drilling parameters should be adjusted immediately in piercing process. Otherwise, only a small amount of core could be sampled and overload drilling faults could occur correspondingly. Due to the fact that the removed soil is inevitably connected with the cored soil, soil removal characteristics may have a great influence on both drilling loads and coring results. To comprehend the soil removal characteristics, a non-contact measurement was proposed and verified to acquire the coring and removal results accurately. Herein, further more experiments in one homogenous lunar regolith simulant were conducted, revealing that there exists a sudden core failure during the sampling process and the final coring results are determined by the penetration per revolution index. Due to the core failure, both drilling loads and soil’s removal states are also affected thereby.     

基于联合域处理的抗干扰技术研究进展

鉴于单个域信号处理抗干扰的局限性,概述了扩频系统中基于联合域信号处理抗干扰技术的研究成果,在整理归纳技术方法发展过程的基础上,展望了该技术及其应用的发展趋势,为在不同领域中设计具有强抗干扰性能的扩频系统提供参考。     

空舰导弹制导雷达适应复杂电磁环境方法分析

主要分析了空舰导弹制导雷达所面临的复杂电磁环境,并提出了适应复杂电磁环境的方法.     

航空润滑油残炭值的测定

用康氏法测量了在室温下航空润滑油ＨＨ－２０与ＨＰ－８的任意体积比的混合航空润滑油的残炭值。实验结果表明,样品中ＨＰ－８与ＨＨ－２０的体积比值与其残炭值呈良好的线性关系。因此,通过混合航空润滑油体积比的测量就可直接读出该油品的准确的残炭值。     

数字电视接收机同步时间估测方法

数字电视接收机同步时间是数字电视服务质量的一项重要指标,但同步时间在现有设备条件下不能直接测量得到.为此使用误码测试仪和脉冲噪声源设备,通过多次测试脉冲噪声造成的误码秒的个数,计算得出数字电视接收机同步时间.由于采用随机时刻触发的方式,修正了原方法中与起始时刻相关的局限性;由于对脉冲噪声的长度没有限制,可用于测试更长交织时间的系统的同步时间;测量精度达到0.1 s,与直接测量方法相比提高一个数量级.此方法经过数学推导验证,并通过数字电视地面广播标准接收机的实测数据讨论了测量参数对同步时间的影响.     

基于驱动或结构冗余的并联机器人容错方法

研究了并联机器人利用驱动冗余进行驱动器故障容错及利用结构冗余进行关节故障容错的方法.结合冗余驱动并联机构的力矩分配问题的多解性,分析了部分驱动器故障后在剩余正常工作驱动器之间重新分配驱动力矩以实现容错的方法.结合结构冗余并联机构的特点,分析了放弃部分结构自由度以完成操作任务的方法.从运动学和动力学角度讨论了两类冗余机器人的特点及容错的可能性,以一种平面三自由度并联机构为实例,针对驱动器及关节故障分别分析了故障后机构运动学和动力学性能的变化,验证了采用驱动及结构的冗余进行容错的可行性.     

基于fMRI的逻辑运算脑功能效应连接

联合主成分分析(Principal component analysis,PCA)和Granger因果关系检验方法,研究顶下小叶皮层在逻辑计算认知任务中起到的可能效应因果连接.以双侧顶下小叶激活区域为参考区域,利用PCA提取主要成分作为参考种子信号,计算其与大脑其余每个体素之间的Granger因果关系,并映射到全脑,形成Granger因果效应连接图.结果表明,顶下小叶将在逻辑计算任务下神经活动传播到额中下回、运动前区、扣带回等区域,同时受到枕叶视觉区、丘脑、壳核等区域神经活动的影响,得到了符合生理机制的脑功能效应连接网络.     

Reliability Sensitivity Algorithm Based on Stratified Importance Sampling Method for Multiple Failure Modes Systems

 Combining the advantages of the stratified sampling and the importance sampling, a stratified importance sampling method (SISM) is presented to analyze the reliability sensitivity for structure with multiple failure modes. In the presented method, the variable space is divided into several disjoint subspace by n-dimensional coordinate planes at the mean point of the random vector, and the importance sampling functions in the subspaces are constructed by keeping the sampling center at the mean point and augmenting the standard deviation by a factor of l. The sample size generated from the importance sampling function in each subspace is determined by the contribution of the subspace to the reliability sensitivity, which can be estimated by it-erative simulation in the sampling process. The formulae of the reliability sensitivity estimation, the variance and the coeffi-cient of variation are derived for the presented SISM. Comparing with the Monte Carlo method, the stratified sampling method and the importance sampling method, the presented SISM has wider applicability and higher calculation efficiency, which is demonstrated by numerical examples. Finally, the reliability sensitivity analysis of flap structure is illustrated that the SISM can be applied to engineering structure.