轴流压气机转子尖部三维复杂流动Ⅱ——数值模拟研究

在实验研究和理论分析的基础上,对亚声速压气机转子尖部复杂流动做了数值模拟研究,旨在进一步深入研究叶尖间隙和进口总压分布对转子叶尖复杂流动的影响。首先通过对与实验条件相同的转子尖部复杂流动的数值模拟研究,校验了数值模拟结果,并分析了转子尖部复杂流动速度场、压力场和涡量场分布特性。然后通过改变叶尖间隙尺度和进口总压分布,研究了二者对近叶尖复杂流动的影响。研究结果表明:当叶尖间隙小于1%叶片弦长时角区旋涡的发展是导致转子失速的关键;而当叶尖间隙大于2%叶片弦长时叶尖泄漏涡的发展是导致转子失速的关键;改变进口总压分布可以合理地组织转子尖部流动并扩大转子工作裕度。此外,通过观测近叶片吸力面二维涡线的发展趋势可以判断叶尖复杂流动的发展状态。     

脉冲等离子体推力器羽流特性数值研究

以脉冲等离子体推力器羽流为研究对象,建立三维物理模型,简化并离散电子动量方程,运用单元粒子-直接模拟蒙特卡罗混合法模拟非稳态羽流流动.假定脉冲周期内推进剂粒子按正弦规律进入流场,分析流场中电势、电子、离子和原子数密度分布随着时间变化情况,并通过与已有实验数据的对比验证仿真模型.研究表明:模型能在垂直和平行于推力器极板的两个平面内预测等离子体羽流流场参数.该研究方法、结果对更深入研究脉冲等离子体推力器(PPT)羽流具有参考价值.      

控制策略对无轴承开关磁阻电机

分析了无轴承开关磁阻电机(BSRM)的3种负载控制策略(方波控制策略、最小磁势控制策略和平均悬浮力控制策略),以及每种策略下由悬浮力方程和转矩方程求解超前角和绕组电流的方法。由于控制对象和求解过程所引入约束条件的不同,即便相同负载状况时,3种控制策略求取的超前角和绕组电流结果也不同。利用瞬态有限元法获得了电机的动态磁密分布,并研究了3种控制策略下电机分别表现出的磁场特性。通过双频法分离铁损,分别计算了3种控制策略在不同转速时的电机涡流损耗和磁滞损耗,给出了电机铁心各部分损耗随转速变化的关系,由此得到了3种控制策略对铁心损耗的影响。     

适于黏性计算的自适应笛卡儿网格生成及其应用

复杂外形的黏性网格生成已经成为计算流体力学(CFD)在工程应用中的主要瓶颈,高效而鲁棒的网格生成技术研究显得尤为迫切。使用基于物面外形自适应加密的笛卡儿网格方法生成计算网格,投影方法拟合壁面边界,将投影得到的柱形单元沿法向分层获得适于黏性计算的网格。应用特征恢复技术恢复凹面特征并改善凸面处的网格质量。流场解算中应用最小二乘法重构获得2阶精度,Roe格式计算无黏通量,Holmes-Connell方法计算黏性通量。加入Spalart-Allmaras一方程湍流模型以获得湍流解。上下对称高斯 赛德尔迭代(LU-SGS)格式隐式时间推进,对网格重排序保证格式的稳定性和平衡性。算例显示网格生成方法是快速的和鲁棒的,流场计算精度满足工程需求,因此该方法非常适合应用于实际工程计算。     

惯性/星光/卫星组合导航系统可视化仿真研究及实现

组合导航可视化仿真是验证多传感器组合导航方案、算法正确性和可靠性的有效手段,可以通过曲线、图形的方式对多传感器组合导航过程进行三维直观演示。为充分验证所提出的惯性/星光/卫星多传感器组合导航系统的精度和可靠性,本文设计了基于VC++的多传感器组合导航的算法可视化仿真验证系统,采用任务分离技术分配主辅线程实现界面显示和算法运算并行工作,同时利用API函数实现高效、高速的串口传输和界面显示,提高系统的实时性。实验结果表明,本文设计的系统可以满足多传感器组合导航系统可视化仿真演示的需要,运行稳定可靠。     

鼠笼式弹性支承结构参数分步优化设计方法

为进一步提高鼠笼式弹性支承结构支承刚度设计的准确性,同时最大限度地减小鼠笼受到的最大应力,在相关研究的基础上,基于参数化建模思想,并结合有限元优化技术提出分步优化设计方法.采用鼠笼式弹性支承的刚度和应力计算公式并结合加工装配条件初定1组满足设计要求的结构参数值;建立鼠笼式弹性支承的有限元优化模型,并将初定的结构参数值代入到有限元优化模型作为优化的初始迭代值,同时以鼠笼笼条的长度和厚度为优化参数,经过迭代计算得到满足工程需求的结构参数.该方法可提高设计精度,节省设计时间.最后,结合具体算例验证了优化设计方法的有效性和实用性.     

基于响应面近似技术的平流层飞艇协同设计优化

针对平流层飞艇多学科设计优化问题,引入协同优化算法,分析基于响应面近似模型的协同优化方法CO/RSA的执行步骤和特点,并介绍响应面近似模型的构建方法;建立平流层飞艇各学科模型,并对学科间耦合关系进行分析;运用建立的气动/推进、结构、能源三个耦合子系统的学科分析模型和系统优化模型,以平流层飞艇总质量最小为优化目标,综合考虑浮重、推阻和能源平衡,采用CO/RSA方法对平流层飞艇进行设计优化.结果表明:所建立的平流层飞艇的MDO模型是合理的,CO/RSA算法应用于飞艇总体设计优化是有效的,研究结果可为平流层飞艇方案论证和方案设计提供参考.     

Effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of anodic oxide film on titanium alloy Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al

The effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of ano-dic oxide film on titanium alloy was investigated. The alloy substrates were anodized in different concentration solutions of sodium tartrate with the addition of PTFE emulsion and their morphol-ogy and characteristics were analyzed. The anodic oxide film presented a uniform petaloid drums and micro-cracks morphology. Additionally, micro-cracks dramatically swelled with the increase of the tartrate concentrations. The thickness of the anodic oxide film increased with the concentra-tions until the concentration reached 15 g/L. The results of Raman analysis illustrate that all sam-ples have similarity in the crystal structure, consisting of mainly amorphous TiO2, some anatase TiO2 and a small amount of rutile TiO2. And the ratios of anatase TiO2 and rutile TiO2 increase with the concentrations until it reaches 15 g/L. Furthermore, the intensity of the peaks increases with enhanced concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L. The corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film is increased by the sodium tartrate with higher concentrations before 15 g/L. The coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film reduces with the concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L, then the coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film increases with the concentrations.     

An equivalent ground thermal test method for single-phase fluid loop space radiator

Thermal vacuum test is widely used for the ground validation of spacecraft thermal control system. However, the conduction and convection can be simulated in normal ground pressure environment completely. By the employment of pumped fluid loops’ thermal control technology on spacecraft, conduction and convection become the main heat transfer behavior between radiator and inside cabin. As long as the heat transfer behavior between radiator and outer space can be equivalently simulated in normal pressure, the thermal vacuum test can be substituted by the normal ground pressure thermal test. In this paper, an equivalent normal pressure thermal test method for the spacecraft single-phase fluid loop radiator is proposed. The heat radiation between radiator and outer space has been equivalently simulated by combination of a group of refrigerators and thermal electrical cooler(TEC) array. By adjusting the heat rejection of each device, the relationship between heat flux and surface temperature of the radiator can be maintained. To verify this method,a validating system has been built up and the experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent ground thermal test method can simulate the heat rejection performance of radiator correctly and the temperature error between in-orbit theory value and experiment result of the radiator is less than 0.5 C, except for the equipment startup period. This provides a potential method for the thermal test of space systems especially for extra-large spacecraft which employs single-phase fluid loop radiator as thermal control approach.     

商用飞机驾驶舱造型设计特征研究

介绍了国内外商用飞机驾驶舱设计的历史及现状,在分析多类飞机驾驶舱造型设计图片资料的基础上,探讨主要飞机制造商驾驶舱造型设计的特征。依据驾驶舱造型的相似性,对国际上12家商用飞机制造商的66款机型的驾驶舱进行聚类分析和多维尺度分析,挑选出10款有代表性的驾驶舱。在提取代表性驾驶舱造型特征线后,分析主要飞机制造商的驾驶舱造型设计特点及差异,为新型飞机驾驶舱造型设计提供参考。