惯性/星光/卫星组合导航系统可视化仿真研究及实现

组合导航可视化仿真是验证多传感器组合导航方案、算法正确性和可靠性的有效手段,可以通过曲线、图形的方式对多传感器组合导航过程进行三维直观演示。为充分验证所提出的惯性/星光/卫星多传感器组合导航系统的精度和可靠性,本文设计了基于VC++的多传感器组合导航的算法可视化仿真验证系统,采用任务分离技术分配主辅线程实现界面显示和算法运算并行工作,同时利用API函数实现高效、高速的串口传输和界面显示,提高系统的实时性。实验结果表明,本文设计的系统可以满足多传感器组合导航系统可视化仿真演示的需要,运行稳定可靠。     

鼠笼式弹性支承结构参数分步优化设计方法

为进一步提高鼠笼式弹性支承结构支承刚度设计的准确性,同时最大限度地减小鼠笼受到的最大应力,在相关研究的基础上,基于参数化建模思想,并结合有限元优化技术提出分步优化设计方法.采用鼠笼式弹性支承的刚度和应力计算公式并结合加工装配条件初定1组满足设计要求的结构参数值;建立鼠笼式弹性支承的有限元优化模型,并将初定的结构参数值代入到有限元优化模型作为优化的初始迭代值,同时以鼠笼笼条的长度和厚度为优化参数,经过迭代计算得到满足工程需求的结构参数.该方法可提高设计精度,节省设计时间.最后,结合具体算例验证了优化设计方法的有效性和实用性.     

基于响应面近似技术的平流层飞艇协同设计优化

针对平流层飞艇多学科设计优化问题,引入协同优化算法,分析基于响应面近似模型的协同优化方法CO/RSA的执行步骤和特点,并介绍响应面近似模型的构建方法;建立平流层飞艇各学科模型,并对学科间耦合关系进行分析;运用建立的气动/推进、结构、能源三个耦合子系统的学科分析模型和系统优化模型,以平流层飞艇总质量最小为优化目标,综合考虑浮重、推阻和能源平衡,采用CO/RSA方法对平流层飞艇进行设计优化.结果表明:所建立的平流层飞艇的MDO模型是合理的,CO/RSA算法应用于飞艇总体设计优化是有效的,研究结果可为平流层飞艇方案论证和方案设计提供参考.     

Effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of anodic oxide film on titanium alloy Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al

The effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of ano-dic oxide film on titanium alloy was investigated. The alloy substrates were anodized in different concentration solutions of sodium tartrate with the addition of PTFE emulsion and their morphol-ogy and characteristics were analyzed. The anodic oxide film presented a uniform petaloid drums and micro-cracks morphology. Additionally, micro-cracks dramatically swelled with the increase of the tartrate concentrations. The thickness of the anodic oxide film increased with the concentra-tions until the concentration reached 15 g/L. The results of Raman analysis illustrate that all sam-ples have similarity in the crystal structure, consisting of mainly amorphous TiO2, some anatase TiO2 and a small amount of rutile TiO2. And the ratios of anatase TiO2 and rutile TiO2 increase with the concentrations until it reaches 15 g/L. Furthermore, the intensity of the peaks increases with enhanced concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L. The corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film is increased by the sodium tartrate with higher concentrations before 15 g/L. The coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film reduces with the concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L, then the coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film increases with the concentrations.     

An equivalent ground thermal test method for single-phase fluid loop space radiator

Thermal vacuum test is widely used for the ground validation of spacecraft thermal control system. However, the conduction and convection can be simulated in normal ground pressure environment completely. By the employment of pumped fluid loops’ thermal control technology on spacecraft, conduction and convection become the main heat transfer behavior between radiator and inside cabin. As long as the heat transfer behavior between radiator and outer space can be equivalently simulated in normal pressure, the thermal vacuum test can be substituted by the normal ground pressure thermal test. In this paper, an equivalent normal pressure thermal test method for the spacecraft single-phase fluid loop radiator is proposed. The heat radiation between radiator and outer space has been equivalently simulated by combination of a group of refrigerators and thermal electrical cooler(TEC) array. By adjusting the heat rejection of each device, the relationship between heat flux and surface temperature of the radiator can be maintained. To verify this method,a validating system has been built up and the experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent ground thermal test method can simulate the heat rejection performance of radiator correctly and the temperature error between in-orbit theory value and experiment result of the radiator is less than 0.5 C, except for the equipment startup period. This provides a potential method for the thermal test of space systems especially for extra-large spacecraft which employs single-phase fluid loop radiator as thermal control approach.     

商用飞机驾驶舱造型设计特征研究

介绍了国内外商用飞机驾驶舱设计的历史及现状,在分析多类飞机驾驶舱造型设计图片资料的基础上,探讨主要飞机制造商驾驶舱造型设计的特征。依据驾驶舱造型的相似性,对国际上12家商用飞机制造商的66款机型的驾驶舱进行聚类分析和多维尺度分析,挑选出10款有代表性的驾驶舱。在提取代表性驾驶舱造型特征线后,分析主要飞机制造商的驾驶舱造型设计特点及差异,为新型飞机驾驶舱造型设计提供参考。     

美国NASA的适航气动研究及启示

飞机适航管理是以民用航空器为对象的强制性、法规性和技术性飞行安全管理。简述美、欧等世界航空大国飞机适航管理及适航规章;研究美国NASA在飞机适航领域开展的气动研究工作;探讨我国国家空气动力试验机构服务于适航工作的途径。     

一种临近空间升浮一体飞行器气动布局设计研究

应用理论方法和数值模拟方法开展升浮一体太阳能无人机气动布局设计研究,通过优化选形设计获得高升阻比气动布局,对比两种方法的计算结果以及分析存在差别的原因;应用张线天平支撑风洞试验测试技术,对设计布局开展实验验证研究,建立大展弦比的双机身气动布局风洞试验测试方法,分析了不同雷诺数下实验模型的纵向和横向气动特性影响。研究结果表明:风洞试验结果与设计结果吻合良好,验证了设计结果的可靠性,获得了对总体设计具有指导意义的结论和试验数据结果。     

小展弦比飞翼跨声速典型流动特性研究

小展弦比飞翼标模为国内自主设计的融合体飞翼通用研究模型,前缘后掠角为65°,展弦比为1.54。风洞试验结果表明小展弦比飞翼标模在跨声速迎角4°开始出现非线性升力,在迎角12°至16°范围内会出现升力突然下降、俯仰力矩突然上扬的现象。为了分析该现象的机理,通过数值模拟的方法研究了小展弦比飞翼标模在马赫0.9时的流动特性,分析了前缘涡的产生、发展直至破裂的整个过程,结果表明:小展弦比飞翼标模在迎角4°开始出现涡升力;随着迎角增加,前缘涡逐渐向内侧移动,涡强和背风面激波的强度也逐渐增加,前缘涡与激波发生交叉干扰并达到一个平衡流态;当前缘涡与激波无法维持既有平衡时则会发生涡破裂,流场急剧变化以达到新的平衡,从而导致升力突然下降并产生抬头力矩增量。     

四发螺旋桨滑流对某运输机气动特性的影响研究

四发螺旋桨飞机滑流影响区较大,需要准确获得滑流引起的升力、阻力和俯仰力矩特性的变化以评估飞机的飞行性能和品质.采用动力模拟风洞实验研究某运输机在滑流影响下的气动力特性,包括升阻特性、俯仰力矩特性和升降舵效率,并采用七孔探针技术测量平尾区的尾流场特性.结果表明:滑流对气流加速的效应使得飞机的升力、阻力均有增加,升阻比在典型巡航和爬升状态下分别降低了6％和20％;滑流随迎角的增加从下至上扫掠过平尾,使得俯仰力矩和升降舵效率出现明显的非线性变化.