LEO原子氧剥蚀太阳电池阵Ag互连材料的试验研究

暴露在低地球轨道(LEO)上的太阳电池阵,会与大量具有极强氧化性的原子氧发生碰撞,导致太阳电池阵中对氧原子敏感的Ag互连材料受到剥蚀。文章依据原子氧剥蚀Ag材料的机理,选取了约400 km高度轨道上1年时间内原子氧的累积通量作为最高剂量,进行了原子氧剥蚀不同厚度Ag互连材料的地面模拟环境试验。试验表明:Ag在原子氧作用下在宏观上会经历"氧化—剥落"的循环剥蚀过程。根据反应方程简化推导了Ag互连片的剥蚀厚度公式,同时结合试验结果计算出了不同厚度Ag互连材料的厚度损失率。该研究成果可为LEO太阳电池阵原子氧防护设计提供技术支持。     

多重网格法求解二元跨音速欧拉流

 近年来,采用时间相关欧拉方程或N-S方程求解跨音速流得到了迅速发展。为了获得二元或三元复杂形体正确的表面气动参数和足够高分辨率的流场物理特性,必须采用十分细密的网格,因而导致计算时间成倍增长。为此,除继续发展各种差分格式,探讨各种自适应网格技术外,运用多重网格技术加速收敛过程得到了国外普遍关注并取得了一定的成功。国内也已有采用多重网格法解跨音速欧拉流的文章,然而均局限于两重网格的计算。为探索多重网格法和焓阻尼技术对加速收敛的作用,我们以NACA0012翼型的跨音速流动为例,采用MacCormack两步显式格式进行了数值实验。     

基于MEMS技术的微型飞行器

随着MEMS技术的发展,微型飞行器(MAV)成为当今先进国家竞相研究的科技前沿课题。综述了世界各国微型飞行器研究的进展及其关键技术。     

递推阻尼最小二乘及其在INS/双星组合中应用

由于双星系统的误差模型未知,且稳定性较差,采用Kalman滤波实现惯导(INS)/双星组合导航时,其滤波特性较差;而此时最小二乘法是实际工程应用中常用的方法,但易产生参数爆发现象.因此,提出了一种基于多输入-多输出(MI-MO)系统的递推阻尼最小二乘法,并将其应用到INS/双星组合导航系统中.仿真结果表明,利用递推阻尼最小二乘法能达到和递推最小二乘法同样的精度,且能明显抑制参数爆发现象.      

民用飞机舱门飞行锁机构接触力计算分析

研究飞机飞行锁机构中的接触力对于民用飞机飞行锁机构的设计具有重要意义。首先介绍飞行锁机构的功能和主要设计依据,阐明某民用飞机飞行锁机构的工作原理,并对其传力路径进行分析;然后采用工程算法、多刚体模型和多柔体模型三种计算方法计算飞行锁工作时曲柄与飞行锁摇臂之间的接触力;最后对三种计算方法进行对比,分析不同方法计算得到的接触力力值产生差异的原因。结果表明:多刚体模型计算值与工程算法计算值产生差异的主要原因是机构空行程导致的力臂变化,多柔体模型计算值与多刚体模型计算值产生差异的原因主要是受力过程中的结构变形。     

用于深层月壤采样返回的软质取心袋的设计与测试验证

月壤钻探采样技术尤其无人自主采样返回技术是我国探月工程的关键技术之一。文章提出了一种适于深层月壤钻探采样的取心机构,能够实现对月壤样品的原位包裹,以保持样品的层理特性信息。该机构选用Kevlar作为包裹样品用的软质取心袋材料,采用满足要求的编织工艺织造出致密薄壁的软袋,并对软袋进行了翻转抽拉力、力学性能及涂层测试分析等测试试验,验证其可满足深层月壤钻探采样任务的需求。     

Analysis on Potential Conflict Frequency of Intersected Air Routes in Terminal Airspace Design

In order to obtain accurate conflict risks in terminal airspace design, the concept and calculation model of potential conflict frequency for intersected routes are proposed. Conflict frequency is represented by the product of horizontal conflict frequency and vertical conflict probability. The horizontal conflict frequency is derived from the probability density distribution of conflicts in a period of time. Based on the recorded radar trajectory data, the concept and model of ROUTE distance are proposed, and the probability density function of aircraft height at a specified ROUTE distance is deduced by kernel density estimation. Furthermore, vertical conflict probability and its horizontal distribution are achieved. Examples of three intersected arrival and departure route design schemes are studied. Compared with scheme 1, the conflict frequency values of the other two improved schemes decrease to 53 % and 24%, respectively. The results show that the model can quantify potential conflict frequency of intersec ted routes.     

空中乘务专业双语教学初探

对空中乘务人员的素质要求越来越高,其中要求最高的就是在英语能力方面。本文基于在让乘务专业学生学习专业知识的同时,如何更有效地提高他们的英语水平,简要阐述了目前这方面教学的现状,分析了空乘专业的课程设置,并对如何实施双语教学提出了几点对策。     

基于热电类比法的光纤陀螺环模块热分析

为分析光纤陀螺（FOG,Fiber-Optic Gyroscope）受外界环境变化温度影响导致产生Shupe误差,采用热电类比法对不同结构形式的光纤环（FOR,Fiber Optical Ring）模块进行热分析,比较对应的电路模型,提出并联的热容和串联的电阻是影响FOG温度性能的关键因素.采用有限元热仿真定性分析了并联的热容和串联的电阻对FOG温度的影响,验证了电路模型的正确性;在与热仿真相同条件下,通过温箱实验,将FOR温度变化与FOG输出性能建立关联.结果表明,通过加大FOR模块连接处的串联热阻和并联热容,可有效降低FOR的瞬时温差,尤其是较大的热容能有效减小FOR温变速率,从而减小Shupe误差,改善FOG的温度性能.      

The impact of orbital errors on the estimation of satellite clock errors and PPP

Precise satellite orbit and clocks are essential for providing high accuracy real-time PPP (Precise Point Positioning) service. However, by treating the predicted orbits as fixed, the orbital errors may be partially assimilated by the estimated satellite clock and hence impact the positioning solutions. This paper presents the impact analysis of errors in radial and tangential orbital components on the estimation of satellite clocks and PPP through theoretical study and experimental evaluation. The relationship between the compensation of the orbital errors by the satellite clocks and the satellite-station geometry is discussed in details. Based on the satellite clocks estimated with regional station networks of different sizes (∼100, ∼300, ∼500 and ∼700 km in radius), results indicated that the orbital errors compensated by the satellite clock estimates reduce as the size of the network increases. An interesting regional PPP mode based on the broadcast ephemeris and the corresponding estimated satellite clocks is proposed and evaluated through the numerical study. The impact of orbital errors in the broadcast ephemeris has shown to be negligible for PPP users in a regional network of a radius of ∼300 km, with positioning RMS of about 1.4, 1.4 and 3.7 cm for east, north and up component in the post-mission kinematic mode, comparable with 1.3, 1.3 and 3.6 cm using the precise orbits and the corresponding estimated clocks. Compared with the DGPS and RTK positioning, only the estimated satellite clocks are needed to be disseminated to PPP users for this approach. It can significantly alleviate the communication burdens and therefore can be beneficial to the real time applications.