Influence of Body Waves,Instrumentation Resonances,and Prior Assumptions on Rayleigh Wave Ellipticity Inversion for Shallow Structure at the InSight Landing Site

Based on an updated model of the regolith’s elastic properties, we simulate the ambient vibrations background wavefield recorded by InSight’s Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) on Mars to characterise the influence of the regolith and invert SEIS data for shallow subsurface structure. By approximately scaling the synthetics based on seismic signals of a terrestrial dust devil, we find that the high-frequency atmospheric background wavefield should be above the self-noise of SEIS’s SP sensors, even if the signals are not produced within 100–200 m of the station. We compare horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios and Rayleigh wave ellipticity curves for a surface-wave based simulation on the one hand with synthetics explicitly considering body waves on the other hand and do not find any striking differences. Inverting the data, we find that the results are insensitive to assumptions on density. By contrast, assumptions on the velocity range in the upper-most layer have a strong influence on the results also at larger depth. Wrong assumptions can lead to results far from the true model in this case. Additional information on the general shape of the curve, i.e. single or dual peak, could help to mitigate this effect, even if it cannot directly be included into the inversion. We find that the ellipticity curves can provide stronger constraints on the minimum thickness and velocity of the second layer of the model than on the maximum values. We also consider the effect of instrumentation resonances caused by the lander flexible modes, solar panels, and the SEIS levelling system. Both the levelling system resonances and the lander flexible modes occur at significantly higher frequencies than the expected structural response, i.e. above 35 Hz and 20 Hz, respectively. While the lander and solar panel resonances might be too weak in amplitude to be recorded by SEIS, the levelling system resonances will show up clearly in horizontal spectra, the H/V and ellipticity curves. They are not removed by trying to extract only Rayleigh-wave dominated parts of the data. However, they can be distinguished from any subsurface response by their exceptionally low damping ratios of 1% or less as determined by random decrement analysis. The same applies to lander-generated signals observed in actual data from a Moon analogue experiment, so we expect this analysis will be useful in identifying instrumentation resonances in SEIS data.     

基于负载变化的超声振子电学性能试验研究

针对超声波加工中振幅衰减和振幅不稳定现象,通过超声振子的静态加载试验,分析了轴向与径向加工负载力对超声振子电学特性的影响规律,以及超声振子电学参数的变化对超声振幅的影响机制。结果表明,超声振子的电学参数在径向负载力与轴向负载力的影响下有相似的变化趋势,即超声振子谐振频率与动态电阻随着负载力的增加而单向增大,动态电感与动态电容有相反的变化趋势,二者的综合效果使谐振频率随着负载力的增加而增大,静态电容在一定范围内波动,当超声振子所受的负载力增大到一定值时,超声振子的低频谐振点会消失。依据理论分析与试验研究结果,提出了改善振幅衰减和振幅不稳定现象的措施。     

一种新的基于波形处理的数字式自动测距系统

提出了一种新的基于波形处理的全数字式自动测距系统的设计，介绍了该系统采用的信息匹配滤波器、波形采集和数据传输、波形分析等技术。给出了该系统的实验、雷达外场校飞试验和靶场精度校飞试验的结果。试验结果表明，该系统的原理正确，功能及扩展能力强，性能可靠。     

竹之食

可以说；大熊猫和老饕是四川的两大“特产”，这里是大熊猫的故乡，也是老饕们的天堂。看上去，深藏于山林的大熊猫与生活在市井的老饕似乎八竿子也打不着——除了熬夜过多会留下一双“熊猫眼”，其实，这两种动物有一个共通之处：“食竹”，同是“食竹”，大熊猫吃箭竹的干和叶，而人则显得“饥饿”多了，从竹笋、竹叶到竹筒皆被用于饮食之中，且殃及大多数竹类。     

钢铁低温发兰,磷化液的研究

发兰，磷化是钢铁表面处理应用最为广泛的工艺。该研究得出了最新工艺配方，使发兰，磷化工艺具有低温性，低渣量，快速性，低成本的特点。     

乐安河流域儿童头发中微量元素的调查与分析

本文对乐安河流域１６０名儿童发中Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ七种微量元素的含量进行了测定和分析。经比较发现，新建与中洲之间，Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ含量差异有极显著性（ｐ＜０．０１），Ｚｎ、Ｐｂ含量差异有显著性（ｐ＜０．０５）；新建与戴村之间Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ含量差异有显著性；新建与蔡家湾之间，Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ含量差异有显著性；以上差异都是实验点（中洲、戴村、蔡家湾）高于对照点（新建）。Ｃｄ、Ｎｉ含量各点之间浓度值相近。对受试儿童身高、体重、胸围的调查结果表明，对照点均高于实验点。结果显示，重金属污染对乐安河流域儿童的健康可能造成不同程度的影响     

"绳帆"现象及其对开伞过程的影响

文章对国外相关实验及计算工作进行了综合分析,指出高空侧向风容易引起开伞过程的"绳帆"现象,从而导致严重的后果,总结了消除此现象的若干种对策.并介绍了国外通过计算机模拟"绳帆"问题在实际飞行中得到的成功应用,建议中国也开展相应的理论分析和软件研制工作.     

Proton Events and X-ray Flares in the Last Three Solar Cycles

A database joining the available information about proton enhancements near the Earth and their possible solar sources is organized on the basis of proton measurements of the GOES and IMP-8 satellites, the data of neutron monitors, and GOES X-ray measurements. One thousand one hundred and forty-four proton events with energy > 10 MeV have been selected in the period from 1975 to 2003. More than a half of these events can be reliably related to X-ray solar flares. A statistical analysis shows the probability of observing solar protons near the Earth and their maximum flux value to be strongly dependent on the importance of a flare and its heliolongitude. Proton events are recorded after all suitably located (western) flares with X-ray importance > X5. The heliolongitude of a flare predetermines the character of the time profile of proton events in many respects. The relationship of proton events with the other characteristics of flares is established. The flares associated with proton enhancements are characterized by longer duration, slower rise to the X-ray maximum, smaller temperature, and larger length of the X-ray loops.__________Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 43, No. 3, 2005, pp. 171–185.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Belov, Garcia, Kurt, Mavromichalaki.     

环境因子的分析及应用

本文通过对现行指数分布环境因子的分析，得出了两种环境条件下，产品参数随机变量之间的线性关系，进而对典型正态分布的环境因子的分析，提出了环境因子的二因子法，指出其普遍适用性，给出了应用环境因子对试验数据进行综合的一般步骤，且以实例予以说明。     

航天器回收中几种主伞失效案例介绍

主伞失效是指主伞在展开或充气过程中的伞衣破损以及任何故障引起的载荷非正常减速现象 ,严重的可导致整个回收任务的失败。通过对历史上多次主伞失效事故情况的介绍 ,总结了失效形式和故障来源。着重阐述了固体助推火箭发动机回收的主伞失效过程以及多种改进方案。