非热电子束流在耀斑环中能量的沉积

本文计算了非热电子束流通过库仑碰撞和反向电流过程在均匀截面的耀斑环中的能量沉积,讨论了非热电子束流对耀斑软X射线等离子体的加热和耀斑非热模型的能量收支平衡问题。     

关于HEO空间飞行体的轨道寿命问题

低轨地球卫星的轨道寿命主要取决于大气的耗散作用,其轨道在不断变小(即高度降低)变圆的状态下进入地球稠密大气层中陨落.但HEO(Highly Eccentric Orbit)类型的空间飞行体的运行轨道是一个近地点高度很低,远地点高度却很高的大偏心率椭圆轨道,其轨道寿命主要由第三体(日、月)引力摄动所决定,而且还与其轨道的初始状态有密切关系,特别是慢变量Ω(轨道升交点经度)和ω(轨道近地点幅角),决定了偏心率e的长周期变化状态,从而制约了HEO类型空间飞行体的轨道寿命.本文将根据地球卫星轨道变化规律进行理论分析,阐明这一力学机制,并给出相应的数值验证.     

图象识别法在磁暴预报中的应用

本文将所研究的全部太阳和地球物理资料时间划分为442个时间段,其中前195段为“下降期”,后247段为“低年期”.按一定的选暴标准将其分为有磁暴时间段“D”和无磁暴时间段“N”.以表的形式提出与磁暴的发生有一定相关的12个物理先兆.利用计算机进行“D”和“N”的识别.结果表明:1)在“下降期”中,综合耀斑指数CFI≥6、持续时间大于10分钟的IV型射电爆发和行星际磁场的扇形边界过地球等现象,是引起磁暴发生的主要原因;2)在“低年期”,当太阳上的耀斑及其相关活动现象不发生时,产生磁暴的主要条件是反映27天重现性的太阳活动源(冕洞发出的高速流)和行星际磁场的扇形边界过地球等先兆;3)在“试验时段”内,“D”和“N”类识别的识别率为73—82%,在“预报时段”内用此图象识别法识别率为73—80%,误识率均不大于30%.用多组阈值(K)进行了正交设计试验,并经过“显著性”检验,本方法成功率的置信度大于97.5%.     

Numerical investigation on the shock wave transition in a three-dimensional scramjet isolator

The scramjet isolator, which is used to prevent the hypersonic inlet from disturbances that arise from the pressure rise in the scramjet combustor due to the intense turbulent combustion, is one of the most critical components in hypersonic airbreathing propulsion systems. Any engineering error that is possible in the design and manufacturing procedure of the experimental model, and the intense heat release in the scramjet combustor, may cause the performance of the isolator to decrease, leading to its lack of capability in supporting the back pressure. The coupled implicit Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and the two-equation standard k?ε turbulent model have been employed to numerically simulate the flow fields in a three-dimensional scramjet isolator. The effects of the divergent angle and the back pressure on the shock wave transition and the location of the leading edge of the shock wave train have been estimated and discussed. The obtained results show that the present numerical results are in very good agreement with the available experimental shadow-pictures, and the numerical method is more suitable for capturing the shock wave train and predicting the location of the leading edge of the shock wave train in the scramjet isolator than the present two-dimensional numerical methods. This is due to the small width-to-height ratio of the isolator and the intense three-dimensional flow structures. On increasing the divergent angle of the scramjet isolator, the static pressure along the central symmetrical line of the isolator decreases sharply. This is due to the strong expansion wave generated at the entrance of the isolator, and when the divergent angle of the isolator is sufficiently large, namely 1.5°, a zone of negative pressure is formed just ahead of the leading edge of the shock wave train. At the same time, the shock wave train varies from being oblique to being normal, and then back to oblique. With an increase in the prescribed back pressure at the exit of the scramjet isolator, the leading edge of the shock wave train moves forward towards the entrance of the isolator, and when the back pressure is sufficiently large, unstart conditions in the hypersonic inlet can take place if the shock train reaches the inlet.     

The effects of simulated microgravity on cultured chicken embryonic chondrocytes.

Using the cultured chicken embryonic chondrocytes as a model, the effects of simulated microgravity on the microtubular system of the cellular skeleton, extracellular matrix, alkaline phosphatase activity, intracellular free calcium concentration and mitochondrial ATP synthase activity with its oligomycin inhibition rate were studied with a clinostat. The microtubular content was measured by a flow cytometer. The decrease of microtubular content showed the impairment of the cellular skeleton system. Observation on the extracellular matrix by the scanning electron microscopy showed that it decreased significantly after rotating, and the fibers in the extracellular matrix were more tiny and disorderly than that of the control group. It can be concluded that the simulated microgravity can affect the secreting and assembly of the extracellular matrix. In contrast to the control, there was a time course decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity of chondrocytes, a marker of matrix mineralization. Meanwhile a significant drop in the intracellular calcium concentration happened at the beginning of rotation. These results indicate that simulated microgravity can suppress matrix calcification of cultured chondrocytes, and intracellular free calcium may be involved in the regulation of matrix calcification as the second signal transmitter. No significant changes happened in the mitochondrial ATP synthase activity and its oligomycin inhibition rate. Perhaps the energy metabolism wasn't affected by the simulated microgravity. The possible mechanisms about them were discussed.     

集成制造车间生产控制和管理技术研究

在介绍了MRPⅡ驱动下的生产管理系统 (PMS)和典型机加车间的基本结构、特点和不足的基础上 ,提出了一种适合国情的“集成制造车间”生产控制和管理技术 (IMS -PCMS) ,增强了车间级生产计划控制和管理的能力 ,并将MRPⅡ按计划集中控制和管理生产作业运行模式转变成可视化“计划主导型”并基于车间实际情况实现滚动生产作业调度控制和管理的模式。     

一种用于交会对接全过程的测量敏感器——复合式激光雷达

本文介绍激光雷达系统的组成和测量原理;提出了一种作为交会对接全过程测量敏感器的复合式激光雷达。所谓复合式就是把激光雷达与光学成象敏感器有机结合起来,远、中距离由激光雷达承担测量任务,近距离测量由CCD光学成像系统来完成。     

工具与方法:中国现代惟科学主义文化哲学的兴起

近现代史上,中国的惟科学主义者试图建构一种新的文化,他们肯定科学的工具价值,认为科学是文化的物质承担者,文明的进步即物质的进步,亦即科学的进步。他们继而高扬科学的认识论价值,确认科学建立知识的方式和原则具有普遍性,科学精神是文化进步的重要尺度。由此,中国现代惟科学主义的建设理路已经比较清晰,等待它是历史的选择与检验。     

Implementation of a single-phase AC/AC converter based on neutral-point-clamped topology

A single-phase ac/ac converter based on neutral-point-clamped scheme is proposed to perform unity input power factor and to provide a stable ac voltage to the critical loads. The ac/dc rectifier part is controlled to generate a unipolar pulsewidth modulation (PWM) waveform on the ac terminal by using four power switches with voltage stress of half the dc-link voltage. The carrier-based current control scheme is employed in the inner control loop to track the line current command. To regulate the dc bus voltage, a proportional-integral (PI) control is adopted in the outer control loop. The dc/ac inverter part of the system with four power switches is employed to generate a stable and clean sinusoidal output voltage to the critical load. The instantaneous current control scheme is used to track the output voltage command. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm, the simulation and experimental results based on a laboratory prototype were implemented and discussed.     

典型R-C系统主光学装置的热光学分析

文章采用热光学集成法对典型R-C成像系统某主光学装置进行热光学分析。