大型复杂构件机器人加工稳定性研究进展

工业机器人正逐步应用于大型复杂构件的制造与装配领域,其加工稳定性是实现大型复杂构件高精、高效、高质量加工的基础,颤振抑制是实现机器人稳定加工的重要途径。与数控机床单一颤振类型不同,机器人加工颤振主要由再生型颤振和振型耦合型颤振构成,二者共同作用加剧了稳定性解析的复杂度。国内外学者在机器人加工颤振形成机理、颤振预测与控制等方面开展了理论与实验研究,并取得了诸多成果,但研究仍处于起步阶段。目前,机器人加工颤振产生机理尚不明确、稳定性理论解析方法尚不全面、颤振控制技术尚不成熟,工程应用尚未普及,加工稳定性研究的深度和广度仍有较大提升空间。为此,从机器人加工颤振机理、颤振规避方法、颤振抑制方法及加工稳定性应用案例分析4个方面对国内外文献进行了全面总结,并提出后续发展方向,可为大型复杂构件机器人加工稳定性的研究提供指导。     

基于遗传算法的插值Coons曲面孔位修正方法

在机器人自动制孔过程中,制孔点位信息通常从待制孔工件工艺数模上获取,而待制孔工件安装过程中会出现位置偏移和变形,由工艺数模得到的点位信息无法直接满足孔位精度要求。为了保证自动制孔的孔位精度,提出了一种基于遗传算法的插值Coons曲面孔位修正方法。利用制孔区域边角基准孔建立双线性Coons误差曲面模型,通过模型计算出待制孔的误差补偿向量,并补偿至理论制孔位置。针对误差曲面切矢模长无法确定的情况,利用制孔区域内的基准孔构建遗传算法模型,计算出切矢模长最优值,使拟合的误差曲面更符合实际制孔区域曲面。通过试验对算法的有效性和精度进行验证,结果表明:采用基于遗传算法的插值Coons曲面孔位修正方法,可以使孔位误差得到有效的补偿。补偿后的平均孔位误差仅为0.195 6 mm,与传统的插值曲面方法相比,孔位误差降低了5%~10%。      

多截面细径管结构参数对放气系统压降特性的影响

采用数值模拟方法研究了多截面细径管结构参数对放气系统压降特性的影响,得到了导管几何尺寸、导管内壁粗糙度和出口压力等参数对压降特性影响的变化规律。研究结果表明:缩短容器导管长度或扩大其内径对壅塞状态下的压降影响较小,但可以显著提高层流状态下气体的流动速度,从而减少放气时间;内壁粗糙度对壅塞状态下的压降特性影响较大,随着粗糙度的增大,压力下降速度有所降低,而对层流状态下的压降特性影响较小,在容器压力降至极低的情况下,粗糙度的影响可以忽略不计;出口压力对整个流动过程的放气速度影响较小,出口压力的进一步提高不会明显增加放气速度。该研究可为多截面细径管放气系统的优化设计提供依据。     

多源图像融合技术的发展与军事应用研究

多源图像融合能根据各波段传感器获得信息的互补性和冗余性,综合多个传感器的信息,获取对同一目标或场景全面而详尽的表述,从而得出更为准确、可靠的结论.首先分析了多源图像融合的主要研究内容,进而探讨了发展现状和存在的问题,在此基础上,总结了图像融合中常用的传感器和应用方向.     

银行印鉴的模糊识别方法

印鉴的计算机自动识别在金融电子化进程中是一个关键问题,也是一项十分难以解决的课题,目前国内外已提出了一些算法,但仍然在存在若干未能解决的问题,本文结合遗传算法,图像分析,模糊识别等方法,提出了一套完整的印鉴识别方法,能适应不同形状,大小的印鉴,配准精度高,特征提取较为全面,有效,分类准确,且能较好的消除背景干扰,基本达到实用要求。     

On-orbit determination and adjustment of electrostatic accelerometer lever arm

In order to ensure the proof mass center of electrostatic accelerometer (EA) is fixed at the center of gravity of satellite as precisely as possible, an on-orbit determination and adjustment strategy of EA lever arm is presented in this paper. The EA lever arm is determined using the observations of EA, gyro and magnetometer first. Then it is adjusted by screw slider mechanism. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can be carried out several times to yield better accuracy. Meanwhile, the optimal geographic location for EA lever arm determination along each axis is found.     

Performance improvement for constellation SAR using signal processing techniques

A new concept of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) implementation has recently been proposed - the constellation of small spaceborne SAR systems. In this implementation, several formation-flying small satellites cooperate to perform multiple space missions. We investigate the possibility to produce high-resolution wide-area SAR images and fine ground moving-target indicator (GMTI) performance with constellation of small spaceborne SAR systems. In particular, we focus on the problems introduced by this particular SAR system, such as Doppler ambiguities, high sparseness of the satellite array, and array element errors. A space-time adaptive processing (STAP) approach combined with conventional SAR imaging algorithms is proposed which can solve these problems to some extent. The main idea of the approach is to use a STAP-based method to properly overcome the aliasing effect caused by the lower pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) and thereby retrieve the unambiguous azimuth wide (full) spectrum signals from the received echoes. Following this operation, conventional SAR data processing tools can be applied to focus the SAR images fully. The proposed approach can simultaneously achieve both high-resolution SAR mapping of wide ground scenes and GMTI with high efficiency. To obtain array element errors, an array auto-calibration technique is proposed to estimate them based on the angular and Doppler ambiguity analysis of the clutter echo. The optimizing of satellite formations is also analyzed, and a platform velocity/PRF criterion for array configurations is presented. An approach is given to make it possible that almost any given sparse array configuration can satisfy the criterion by slightly adjusting the PRF. Simulated results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.     

沿曲面交线多坐标数控加工的算法研究

分析了曲面交线加工中刀具的偏置类型,提出了新的交线加工刀位轨迹生成算法。该算法利用曲面跟踪求交算法计算两曲面交线,并根据交线处曲面局部微分几何性质推算刀具的初始位置,然后采用牛顿迭代算法精确刀位。该算法的优点是能够精确控制刀具与曲面的加工误差,可处理单支点、双支点偏置情况下球头刀、平底刀、圆角刀的交线域加工,算法稳定、统一。