变化姿态角下的相位变化率无源定位方法研究

无源定位技术有着广阔的应用前景。在现有单站无源定位方法的基础上 ,介绍了相位变化率定位法。该方法利用观测平台上两个相互正交的相位干涉仪接收目标辐射电磁波的相位获取目标的方向信息 ,利用对应的相位变化率获取目标的径向距离信息 ,从而实现对目标的实时高精度定位。提出了在空中观测平台发生飞行姿态变化情况下的定位求解思路 ,即利用姿态变化条件下的测量数据直接求出目标在姿态变化前的原始载机坐标系中的位置。文中给出了这一思路下相应的定位表达式并引入修正增益扩展卡尔曼 (MGEKF)算法对原始定位结果进行滤波处理。仿真结果表明 ,该方法是一种发展前途较好的单站无源定位方法     

用VXI总线技术实现无线电高度表自动检测

提出了基于VXI(VMEBus eXtension for Instrumentation)总线技术的具有通用性、扩展性和先进性的机载设备自动检测设备的实现方案.以两种常见体制的无线电高度表为例,对系统进行了功能和结构设计,讨论了关键技术,设计了测试方案,从测试方法、内容、原理和结果分析等方面进行了讨论.通过分层测试和引入人工辅助测试手段,解决了早期高度表可测性差的问题.软件模拟运行验证了分层测试的可行性和优越性,满足系统设计的指标.     

基于一维传感器的四维力测试平台设计与分析

利用一维力/力矩传感器设计可以测量升力、滚转力矩、俯仰力矩、偏航力矩的四维测试平台.通过将3个相同的拉压力传感器并联,并利用万向节作连接件,解决了多维传感器的维间耦合误差问题,可以将3个传感器输出的力通过解耦矩阵准确无误地计算出2个力矩和1个力,从原理上完全解耦,提高了多维传感器的精度.同时此种安装方式结构简单,方便拆卸.分析了测试台的各种误差来源,并求解出误差传递函数,计算出由机械平台水平度和传感器安装误差给测试平台带来的系统误差不超过0.5%,同时分析了传感器测量精度对测试系统随机误差的影响,并计算了使用某型号传感器时的随机误差对系统整体误差的影响,验证了该方案的高精度性.     

双机器人系统的碰撞检测算法

针对共享工作空间的双机器人系统,提出一种双机器人碰撞检测方法和机器人简化的几何模型.首先将机器人的关节和连杆分别用球体和胶囊体（由一圆柱体与两个在两端的半球体组成的复合几何体）两种几何基元表示,机器人之间的碰撞检测转化为几何基元之间的干涉检查,即转换为几何基元间的距离计算;针对胶囊体之间的距离计算,提出一种空间线段间的距离计算方法.将碰撞检测算法应用于KUKA双机器人实例中,并在UG平台进行仿真,仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

“嫦娥一号”卫星观测近月太阳风离子特征

"嫦娥一号"卫星的太阳风离子探测器(SWIDs)的科学目标是研究太阳风与月球的相互作用以及相应的近月空间等离子体环境。文章利用"嫦娥一号"卫星SWIDs探测器在2007年12月30日的观测数据对近月太阳风等离子体环境,包括向阳侧太阳风离子、"拾起"离子以及在月球尾迹边界处的太阳风离子的特征进行分析,得到以下主要观测结果:1)在慢速太阳风中观测到双峰结构,分别为太阳风中的氢离子和二价氦离子;2)在行星际磁场具有明显昏向(+By)分量期间,在月球向阳侧持续观测到有月表散射或反射后被拾起的太阳风离子;3)与入射的太阳风离子不同,这些拾起的太阳风离子具有明显的角度分布特征;4)在行星际磁场昏向(晨向)期间,太阳风中的氢离子在月球尾迹北半球的边界处呈现减速(加速)特征并进入尾迹;而并未发现氦离子进入尾迹的特征。"嫦娥一号"卫星的这些观测数据对于认识近月空间等离子体环境有着重要的意义。     

Numerical analysis on noise of rotor with unconventional blade tips based on CFD/Kirchhoff method

A solver is developed aiming at efficiently predicting rotor noise in hover and forward flight. In this solver, the nonlinear near-field solutions are calculated by a hybrid approach which includes the Navier-Stokes and Euler equations based on a moving-embedded grid system and adaptive grid methodology. A combination of the third-order upwind scheme and flux-difference splitting scheme, instead of the second-order center-difference scheme which may cause larger wake dissipation, has been employed in the present computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The sound pressure data in the near field can be calculated directly by solving the Navier-Stokes equations, and the sound propagation can be predicted by the Kirchhoff method. A harmonic expansion approach is presented for rotor far-field noise prediction, which gives an analytical expression for the integral function in the Kirchhoff formula. As a result, the interpolation process is simplified and the efficiency and accuracy of the interpolation are improved. Then, the high-speed impulsive (HIS) noise of a helicopter rotor at different tip Mach numbers and on different observers is calculated and analyzed in hover and forward flight, which shows a highly directional characteristic of the rotor HIS noise with a maximum value in the rotor plane, and the HSI noise weakens rapidly with the increasing of the directivity angle. In order to investigate the effects of the rotor blade-tip shape on its aeroacoustic characteristics, four kinds of blade tips are designed and their noise characteristics have been simulated. At last, a new unconventional CLOR-II blade tip has been designed, and the noise characteristics of the presented CLOR-II model rotor have been simulated and measured compared to the reference rotors with a rectangular or swept-back platform blade tip. The results demonstrate that the unconventional CLOR-II blade tip can significantly reduce the HSI noise of a rotor.     

Effect of tip geometry and tip clearance on aerodynamic performance of a linear compressor cascade

The tip leakage flow between a blade and a casing wall has a strong impact on compressor pressure rise capability, efficiency, and stability. Consequently, there is a strong motivation to look for means to minimize its impact on performance. This paper presents the potential of passive tip leakage flow control to increase the aerodynamic performance of highly loaded compressor blades. Experimental investigations on a linear compressor cascade equipped with blade winglets mounted to the blade tips have been carried out. Results for a variation of the tip clearance and the winglet geometry are presented. Current results indicate that the use of proper tip winglets in a compressor cascade can positively affect the local aerodynamic field by weakening the tip leakage vortex. Results also show that the suction-side winglets are aerodynamically superior to the pressure-side or combined winglets. The suction-side winglets are capable of reducing the exit total pressure loss associated with the tip leakage flow and the passage secondary flow to a significant degree.     

变形无人机地面站一体化设计方法

针对具有半双工数据链变形无人机地面操控困难的问题,提出一种Windows平台下供外场使用的便携式变形无人机地面站一体化设计方法。采用虚拟技术、地理信息技术、消息与内存共享机制,实现了变形无人机数据链从物理半双工到虚拟全双工的转换,完成了便携式变形无人机地面站的工程化。经外场试飞验证,该地面站在虚拟全双工模式下数据指令最短发送周期能够达到20ms,其性能已经达到物理全双工系统的指标,为今后研制开发低成本、小型化的无人机一体化地面站提供了技术支撑。     

基于动量轮转速标定的轨道控制方法研究

某地球同步三轴卫星因故障导致推力器工作效率不稳定,使得采用原有方案进行向西轨道控制时姿态变化大,控制准确度降低.针对上述问题,通过分析卫星用于姿态控制的偏置动量轮的控制规律,利用星体角动量守恒条件,建立了偏置动量轮转速变化与轨道半长轴变化之间的相关性数学模型,提出了一种改进的基于偏置动量轮转速标定的轨道控制方法,同时结合姿态的稳定变化制定了轨道控制实施方案,并将其应用于实际卫星轨道控制中,取得了良好的控制效果.改进的控制方法提高了轨道控制的准确率,使得半长轴误差幅度由最大60％提高到0.2％左右,增加了姿态的稳定性,使得俯仰姿态变化幅度由最大0.7°减小到0.2°左右,降低了控制风险,减轻了地面控制人员的负担.     

Evaluation of COMPASS ionospheric model in GNSS positioning

As important products of GNSS navigation message, ionospheric delay model parameters are broadcasted for single-frequency users to improve their positioning accuracy. GPS provides daily Klobuchar ionospheric model parameters based on geomagnetic reference frame, while the regional satellite navigation system of China’s COMPASS broadcasts an eight-parameter ionospheric model, COMPASS Ionospheric Model(CIM), which was generated by processing data from continuous monitoring stations, with updating the parameters every 2 h. To evaluate its performance, CIM predictions are compared to ionospheric delay measurements, along with GPS positioning accuracy comparisons. Real observed data analysis indicates that CIM provides higher correction precision in middle-latitude regions, but relatively lower correction precision for low-latitude regions where the ionosphere has much higher variability. CIM errors for some users show a common bias for in-coming COMPASS signals from different satellites, and hence ionospheric model errors are somehow translated into the receivers’ clock error estimation. In addition, the CIM from the China regional monitoring network are further evaluated for global ionospheric corrections. Results show that in the Northern Hemisphere areas including Asia, Europe and North America, the three-dimensional positioning accuracy using the CIM for ionospheric delay corrections is improved by 7.8%–35.3% when compared to GPS single-frequency positioning ionospheric delay corrections using the Klobuchar model. However, the positioning accuracy in the Southern Hemisphere is degraded due apparently to the lack of monitoring stations there.