A general calculation method to specify center-of-buoyancy for the stratospheric airship with multiple gas cells

As the lighter-than-air (LTA) flight vehicle, the stratospheric airship is a desirable platform to provide communication and surveillance services. During the ascent from sea-level to the mission altitude, the volume of the lifting gas may change significantly, which will result in the change of the center-of-buoyancy (CB). A general calculation method is developed to specify CB for the stratospheric airship with a double-ellipsoid hull and an arbitrary number of the gas cells. The cross-section-integral (CSI) method is used as a basic calculation scenario to specify CB. Considering the complexity in determining the boundary between the helium and air in the gas cell, a searching algorithm is put forward and the specification of CB can be conducted by the iterative calculation. As an important application, the stable condition of the pitch angle is analyzed when the change of CB is involved. Under different initial configurations, the stable pitch angle of the stratospheric airship during the ascent is specified and compared, which shows the advantages of the multi-gas-cell configuration. The results of this paper may provide an important reference for the engineering application of the stratospheric airship.     

High temporal resolution global PWV dataset of 2005–2016 by using a neural network approach to determine the mean temperature of the atmosphere

Atmospheric water vapour plays an important role in phenomena related to the global hydrologic cycle and climate change. However, the rapid temporal–spatial variation in global tropospheric water vapour has not been well investigated due to a lack of long-term, high-temporal-resolution precipitable water vapour (PWV). Accordingly, this study generates an hourly PWV dataset for 272 ground-based International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service (IGS) stations over the period of 2005–2016 using the zenith troposphere delay (ZTD) derived from global-scale GNSS observation. The root mean square (RMS) of the hourly ZTD obtained from the IGS tropospheric product is approximately 4 mm. A fifth-generation reanalysis dataset of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF ERA5) is used to obtain hourly surface temperature (T) and pressure (P), which are first validated with GNSS synoptic station data and radiosonde data, respectively. Then, T and P are used to calculate the water vapour-weighted atmospheric mean temperature (Tm) and zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD), respectively. T and P at the GNSS stations are obtained via an interpolation in the horizontal and vertical directions using the grid-based ERA5 reanalysis dataset. Here, Tm is calculated using a neural network model, whereas ZHD is obtained using an empirical Saastamoinen model. The RMS values of T and P at the collocated 693 radiosonde stations are 1.6 K and 3.1 hPa, respectively. Therefore, the theoretical error of PWV caused by the errors in ZTD, T and P is on the order of approximately 2.1 mm. A practical comparison experiment is performed using 97 collocated radiosonde stations and 23 GNSS stations equipped with meteorological sensors. The RMS and bias of the hourly PWV dataset are 2.87/?0.16 and 2.45/0.55 mm, respectively, when compared with radiosonde and GNSS stations equipped with meteorological sensors. Additionally, preliminary analysis of the hourly PWV dataset during the EI Niño event of 2014–2016 further indicates the capability of monitoring the daily changes in atmospheric water vapour. This finding is interesting and significant for further climate research.     

The Kumtag meteorite strewn field

The Kumtag meteorite strewn field was found in the Kumtag desert, 132 km south of Hami city in the Xinjiang province, China. It is an ellipse of 2.5 × 7.9 km, with a long axis extending along the northeast-southwest direction. The largest individual meteorite of the strewn field weighs about 10 kg; the smallest individual has a mass of only 27 g. In total, more than 100 individuals with a total mass of more than 180 kg were collected. The location and the distribution of the fragments suggest that the Kumtag meteoroid entered the atmosphere in the direction Northeast-Southwest. All meteorites collected in this strewn field are samples from the same unique meteorite shower. The Kumtag meteorite is an H5 ordinary chondrite with a shock stage S2, and a weathering grade W2. The cosmic ray exposure age of Kumtag is 6.7 ± 0.8 Ma, which is rather typical for H chondrites and which indicates that Kumtag was derived from the massive impact event on its parent body ~7 Ma ago. A significant amount of He has been lost during certain unknown processe(s) before the Kumtag meteorite was ejected from its parent body.     

Numerical Study of Parachute-Payload Land Site Distribution with Randomize Wind Gust Model

A parachute-payload model with randomize wind gust is developed to study the landing accuracy of the parachute decelerator system,which can be exactly described by the landing site distribution.The research focuses on the steady descent phase of the parachute descent process,so the parachute and the payload suspension formulation during the phase are mainly discussed.In addition,since the wind effects have a significant impact on the land site distribution of the passive decelerator system and it is difficult to obtain the exact wind profile in practice,major features of parachute-payload system are studied via the randomized wind gust formulation.As the randomized wind gust formulation is adopted,the wind effect can be considered without the exact wind gust profile and the parachute aerodynamic simulation can be fulfilled with uncertainties.Finally,the model is validated and discussed,and the parachute land site distributions with different wind randomize profiles are presented for comparison.The results show that when parachute is less stable,the land site tends to have a larger variance.     

Thermal-Fluid Coupling Simulation of Ventilation Cooling System of Generator Based on FLOWMASTER

By taking a 2.3 MW double-fed asynchronous generator as an example,a new method for fast simulation analysis of ventilation cooling system inside generator is proposed based on the one-dimensional simulation software FLOWMASTER.The thermal-fluid coupling simulation model of ventilation cooling system inside generator is established.Under the stable running state of the generator,the flow velocity distribution and temperature rise of the key parts of the generator are analyzed.The results prove that the ventilation structure design of the generator meets the temperature rise limit.The simulation results are compared with the theoretical calculation results and the experimental results,which verify the correctness of the thermal-fluid coupling simulation method proposed in this paper.     

面向快速响应产品的星上目标定位及识别方法

针对遥感卫星星上目标的定位及识别,本文面向快速响应应用需求,首先对星上目标定位及识别工作模式进行研究,总结出狭义和广义两种模式,其次重点对像方-物方坐标双向定位算法进行梳理,并针对典型地物目标星上自动识别算法提出研究思路,最后给出算法的应用方法流程。本文研究为快速响应产品星上智能处理提供方法参考。     

角接触球轴承分析模型的数值求解

建立了内圈静止、外圈旋转的角接触球轴承分析模型,考虑了滚动体的离心力、陀螺力矩以及弹性流体动 力润滑作用.建立了非线性方程组未知量的约束条件,解决了Newton-Raphson法求解方程易出现不收敛的问 题.以两个角接触球轴承为算例,分析了轴承内、外圈分别旋转对应力的影响,以及转速和径向载荷对轴承工作 性能的影响.结果表明,轴承外圈转时接触应力随转速增大而显著增大,内圈转时则无明显变化;低转速下外圈 转的接触应力明显低于内圈转;较小的径向栽荷下外圈转的接触应力高于内圈转;轴承微区滑动速度受转速和径向栽荷的影响显著.通过Jones球轴承拟静力学分析程序计算,验证了模型和程序的有效性.     

模糊自组织网络在刀具磨损状态监测中的应用(英文)

应用模糊逻辑和无教师自组织神经网络进行车削过程刀具磨损状态监测.根据典型切削条件组合建立由多个子网络组成的自组织网络阵列,其中每一子网络对应一种典型切削条件,并进行训练.对于具体切削条件,运用模糊逻辑技术选取对应的优化子网络.文中所建名为Fuzzy-SOM-TWC监测系统的运行基于加工过程实时采集的切削力、声发射以及电机电流信号.切削实验用于训练和检验监测系统,实验结果显示其对于刀具磨损状态的识别正确率可达到98%-100%.     

两自由度球面并联机构动力学分析(英文)

运用旋量理论的方法推导出两自由度球面并联机构的速度、加速度解析表达式,在此基础上依据虚功原理和旋量的互易积形式建立了该机构的动力学模型,得到了两驱动电机的驱动转矩方程.通过对动力学模型的变换,获得了动力学方程的形位空间模式及相关系数.通过一个实例表明,动力学方程中的惯性系数和重力项占有的比重较大,而哥氏力系数和离心力系数占有的比重较小,他们在数值上相差一个数量级.但是否可以忽略后者需要判断速度的大小,只有当机构运动速度较小时才可以将哥氏力和离心力忽略.     

旋转摩擦挤压合金化制备Ti-Al金属间化合物工艺研究

采用显微硬度(HV)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了旋转摩擦挤压合金化制备的Ti-Al金属间化合物.结果表明:通过旋转摩擦挤压法可制备出Al3Ti相Ti-Al金属间化合物;当搅拌棒的旋转速度为750r/min时,可提高Ti的反应程度,有利于反应的进行,并可获得成分分布均匀的Ti-Al金属间化合物.经过750r/min、23.5mm/min的旋转摩擦挤压5道次后,Ti的反应程度达78.96%,合金化区域的平均显微硬度在90HV左右.