用热流探针测量激波速度

激波速度测量是激波管和激波风洞运行状态的一个重要参数,压电传感器或光学方法测速系统成本高,而传统电离探针在激波马赫数较低、波后温度达不到空气电离程度的情况下无法满足实验要求。提出了一种使用同轴热电偶作为测速探针来测激波速度的方法,弥补了电离探针在激波马赫数较低时的不足。介绍了同轴热电偶探针测速原理,并设计了测量激波速度的系统电路。通过信号放大电路锁定激波冲激信号,触发脉冲信号发生电路,实现了一种单通道、多测点的激波风洞测速系统。分别开展以温度与热流为触发信号的风洞实验,结果表明只有使用热流信号才能满足激波测速的时间要求。     

荧光油膜技术及其在流动控制中的应用（英文）

研究了运用荧光油膜技术测量全局表面摩擦应力的方法,引入金字塔迭代技术和模拟演化技术提出了该方法的优化求解算法,并通过平板绊线实验对以上方法进行了验证。以此为基础,通过两个典型的流动控制实验进一步探讨了荧光油膜技术在流动控制中的应用,其中包括采用不同参数锯齿形转捩带控制平板流动转捩的被动流动控制实验和不同激励频率下的后台阶零质量射流主动流动控制实验。以上实验测量结果表明,荧光油膜方法能够有效帮助理解流动机理并可用于评估流动控制策略。     

内冷通道横流条件下气膜冷却特性

为了研究内冷通道横流条件下气膜冷却的流动和换热特性,采用窄带瞬态液晶测量技术获得了内冷通道横流条件下吹风比分别为0.5,1,2时气膜孔下游冷却效率和表面传热系数云图,并通过数值模拟得到了气膜孔内及下游区域流场的详细信息.结果表明:内冷通道横流对气膜孔下游冷却效率和表面传热系数分布有重要的影响.横流增强了气膜孔射流的展向分布能力,增强了高吹风比时气膜冷却效果.另外,气膜孔下游涡的分布出现明显的不对称性,涡的结构更加复杂.      

不同热值生物燃料燃烧特性数值模拟

采用标准k-ε湍流模型、涡耗散湍流燃烧模型、P-1辐射传热模型对二维简化燃烧室燃料甲烷气、沼气、生物质气的燃烧特性进行了数值模拟.通过比较不同截面的燃烧情况,分析燃烧室内的温度分布、NOx质量分数分布、流场结构,研究了不同热值燃料的燃烧特性.结果表明:在入口空气、燃料质量流量相同的条件下,随着燃料热值降低,燃烧温度降低,温度分布更均匀,NOx排放量减少,流动速度降低;适当调节余气系数,能改善燃烧效果,温度分布仍满足高热值燃料燃烧温度高于低热值燃料燃烧温度的规律;在生物燃料混合气中掺入不同热值的可燃成分,可改变混合气的热值,恰当的混合比例能更好地发挥生物燃料的作用.     

Design and experimental study of a micro-groove grinding wheel with spray cooling effect

The effectiveness of grinding fluid supply has a crucial impact on grinding quality and efficiency in high speed grinding. In order to improve the cooling and lubrication, through in-depth research of self-inhaling internal cooling method and intermittent grinding mechanism, a new spray cooling method used in high speed grinding is proposed. By referring to the structure of bowl- shaped dispersion disk, the grinding wheel matrix with atomization ability is designed; through studying heat transfer of droplet collision and the influence of micro-groove on the boiling heat transfer, grinding segment with micro-groove is designed to enhance the heat flux of coolant and achieve maximum heat transfer between droplets and grinding contact zone. High-speed grinding experiments on GH4169 with the developed grinding wheel are carried out. The results show that with the micro-groove grinding wheel just 5.4% of pump outlet flow rate and 0.5% of spindle energy is needed to reduce the grinding temperature to 200℃, which means the developed grinding wheel makes cooling high efficient and low energy consuming.     

Determination of thermal expansion coefficients for unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites

In the present work, the coefficients of thermal expansion（CTEs） of unidirectional（UD）fiber-reinforced composites are studied. First, an attempt is made to propose a model to predict both longitudinal and transverse CTEs of UD composites by means of thermo-elastic mechanics analysis. The proposed model is supposed to be a concentric cylinder with a transversely isotropic fiber embedded in an isotropic matrix, and it is subjected to a uniform temperature change. Then a concise and explicit formula is offered for each CTE. Finally, some finite element（FE） models are created by a finite element program MSC. Patran according to different material systems and fiber volume fractions. In addition, the available experimental data and results of other analytical solutions of CTEs are presented. Comparisons are made among the results of the cylinder model,the finite element method（FEM）, experiments, and other solutions, which show that the predicted CTEs by the new model are in good agreement with the experimental data. In particular, transverse CTEs generally offer better agreements than those predicted by most of other solutions.     

引入压力梯度的针对角区分离流动的Spalart-Allmaras模型的改进

针对Spalart-Allmaras（S-A）模型在角区分离计算中的问题,将无量纲的压力梯度引入其涡黏性输运方程的生成项,得到了改进的S-A模型.通过对两套含角区分离的低速压气机叶栅进行验证计算发现:与实验结果相比,原始S-A模型所得的分离区偏大,分离区内壁面压力偏低;而改进模型得到了与实验一致的分离区尺寸以及吸力面、压力面压力系数分布等结果.针对S-A模型涡黏性生成项和耗散项的分析表明:引入的无量纲压力梯度有效的识别了角区分离,在分离区内改变了涡黏性的生成、耗散关系,增大了涡黏性,从而缩小了计算所得分离区,同时在主流区保留了原始S-A模型的计算结果,进而带来了良好的改进效果.      

基于自然激励技术的颤振边界预测

为了预测紊流激励条件下机翼的颤振边界,基于自然激励技术提取紊流响应的自由衰减信号,采用矩阵束方法识别模态参数,最后通过Z-W(Zimmerman-Weissenburger)方法计算稳定性判据,拟合判据变化曲线并外推颤振边界.对平板机翼模型进行了数值仿真分析,对单独机翼模型风洞颤振试验数据进行了计算.结果表明:采用自然激励技术与矩阵束方法能够较准确地识别紊流激励响应的模态参数,频率识别误差小于6％,阻尼比识别误差小于30％,结合Z-W方法能够在较低风速较早地预测颤振边界,有助于提高试验的安全性.     

Effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of anodic oxide film on titanium alloy Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al

The effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of ano-dic oxide film on titanium alloy was investigated. The alloy substrates were anodized in different concentration solutions of sodium tartrate with the addition of PTFE emulsion and their morphol-ogy and characteristics were analyzed. The anodic oxide film presented a uniform petaloid drums and micro-cracks morphology. Additionally, micro-cracks dramatically swelled with the increase of the tartrate concentrations. The thickness of the anodic oxide film increased with the concentra-tions until the concentration reached 15 g/L. The results of Raman analysis illustrate that all sam-ples have similarity in the crystal structure, consisting of mainly amorphous TiO2, some anatase TiO2 and a small amount of rutile TiO2. And the ratios of anatase TiO2 and rutile TiO2 increase with the concentrations until it reaches 15 g/L. Furthermore, the intensity of the peaks increases with enhanced concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L. The corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film is increased by the sodium tartrate with higher concentrations before 15 g/L. The coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film reduces with the concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L, then the coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film increases with the concentrations.     

高温长期时效对一种镍基单晶合金拉伸和持久性能的影响

研究了高温长期时效对一种镍基单晶合金在室温条件下瞬时拉伸强度和在950℃/240MPa条件下持久性能的影响。结果表明:1000℃短期时效100h,合金室温拉伸强度σb与屈服强度σ0.2与时效前相比没有明显变化,时效超过500h后σb和σ0.2开始显著下降,时效超过1000h后,σb和σ0.2随时效时间延长下降幅度减小;短期时效100h和500h样品在950℃/240MPa条件下的持久寿命大幅度降低,延伸率快速上升,时效时间超过1000h后,持久寿命的下降幅度减小,合金的持久寿命与延伸率均趋于稳定。长期时效后γ'相形貌改变及γ/γ'相界面高密度位错网的破坏是时效后合金室温及高温持久性能持续降低的主要原因。