某型先进发动机燃油喷嘴雾化特性的试验研究及火焰筒头部数值模拟

使用相位多普勒粒子分析仪和激光多普勒粒子测速仪系统(PDPA/LDV)等设备测量了某型航空发动机喷嘴的雾化特性,主要包括:喷嘴流量特性,雾化粒度(SMD)和喷雾锥角。应用Fluent软件,对装用该喷嘴的燃烧室火焰筒进行了数值模拟。试验和计算结果得出了一些有价值的结论,对该发动机的燃油喷嘴和火焰筒头部温度场、速度场有深入了解,对其改进提供了重要依据。     

热处理对高Co-Ni超高强度钢冲击断口的影响

研究了不同固溶及回火温度对高Co-Ni超高强度钢23Co 14Ni12Cr3Mo的Charpy V型缺口试样冲击功AKV和硬度HRC的影响,并用扫描电镜观察分析不同处理状态下的冲击断口形貌,用透射电镜对未溶碳化物进行了分析.结果表明,在850～930 ℃范围内固溶,随温度的提高,冲击功升高,硬度先升高后降低;在454～510 ℃范围内回火,随温度的提高,冲击功也增加,硬度降低.断口形貌观察结果表明,试验用钢冲击断口形貌均呈韧窝状,为韧性穿晶断裂,随固溶温度升高韧窝变大变深.韧窝中发现M23C6型碳化物颗粒,随固溶温度的升高而逐渐减少,提高固溶温度对改善试验用材料综合性能有利.     

基于CATIA的机床夹具元件快速造型方法

介绍了基于CATIA的CAA架构对实体进行参数化建模的方法,以一个航空夹具设计为实例,开发了基于CAA及零件特征的参数化航空夹具设计模块,为基于CATIA的航空夹具元件快速造型做了技术方法的探索.     

SDM标模大迎角动态特性试验研究

介绍了CARDC高速所进行的SDM模型大迎角的动导数和大迎角大振幅动态试验情况与试验结果.SDM标模的试验结果表明:试验结果与国外文献数据具有较好的一致性.试验结果随马赫数和迎角的变化表现出明显的非线性,而减缩频率的影响并不显著.天平与测试系统的重复性精度较高.在试验条件下,减缩频率、振幅、平均迎角及来流肘数均对模型的动态气动特性有影响,其影响量值的大小与具体的试验条件有关.在迎角约为15°～75°范围内,试验曲线存在着迟滞环.     

含裂纹金属薄板的断裂韧度与剩余强度研究

为了探究影响含裂纹铝合金薄板材料断裂韧度、剩余强度的几何因素以及韧性材料的断裂机理,对典型航空铝合金2524-T3薄板,采用不同宽度、不同初始裂纹长度的中心裂纹板试样进行试验,测定材料的K-R阻力曲线,确定平面应力断裂韧度Kc和表观断裂韧度Kapp.试验结果表明:对于薄板结构,K-R阻力曲线与板宽相关;试件宽度、初始裂纹长度对断裂韧度和表观断裂韧度的确定都有影响,且板宽度的影响较大.基于上述结论,推荐两种可同时反映韧性材料断裂中的净截面屈服效应和韧性撕裂过程的剩余强度预测方法.     

直升机起飞性能试飞方法研究

当直升机可用功率不足以维持地效外悬停时,直升机可以利用地面效应增速至一定前飞速度完成起飞。研究了地面效应和前飞速度对直升机剩余功率的影响,阐述了利用剩余功率进行有地效起飞的原理。介绍了3种有地效起飞方式,并使用水平加速—定速爬升法进行了起飞性能飞行试验,得到了水平越障距离随爬升速度的变化曲线,对飞行试验结果进行了分析,得到了有益的结论。     

直升机运输效能试飞技术研究

对直升机运输效能进行了理论分析,给出了直升机各项运输效能指标的计算方法。利用试验机进行了直升机运输效能试飞,最后给出了直升机各项运输效能指标的飞行试验结果。对于后续的直升机运输效能试飞和直升机运输效能评估等工作具有重要的参考价值。     

Practical compensation for nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system

The real dynamic thrust measurement system usually tends to be nonlinear due to the complex characteristics of the rig, pipes connection, etc. For a real dynamic measuring system,the nonlinearity must be eliminated by some adequate methods. In this paper, a nonlinear model of dynamic thrust measurement system is established by using radial basis function neural network(RBF-NN), where a novel multi-step force generator is designed to stimulate the nonlinearity of the system, and a practical compensation method for the measurement system using left inverse model is proposed. Left inverse model can be considered as a perfect dynamic compensation of the dynamic thrust measurement system, and in practice, it can be approximated by RBF-NN based on least mean square(LMS) algorithms. Different weights are set for producing the multi-step force, which is the ideal input signal of the nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system. The validity of the compensation method depends on the engine’s performance and the tolerance error0.5%, which is commonly demanded in engineering. Results from simulations and experiments show that the practical compensation using left inverse model based on RBF-NN in dynamic thrust measuring system can yield high tracking accuracy than the conventional methods.     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

考虑输入饱和与姿态角速度受限的航天器姿态抗退绕控制

 针对航天器姿态控制过程中同时存在输入饱和与姿态角速度受限的问题,提出了一种新型的姿态控制设计方法。该方法在保证系统渐近稳定的前提下,能够显式地给出输入力矩和姿态角速度的最大幅值,并通过引入一个时变锐度参数来增强系统对外部干扰的抑制能力;在此基础上,进一步考虑了由于四元数的冗余性所导致的退绕问题,设计了一组新的姿态偏差函数和偏差向量,使得控制器在满足上述约束的同时还具有抗退绕的优点。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够同时满足输入饱和与姿态角速度受限的约束,并且在较大外部干扰的情况下表现出了很强的鲁棒性,同时成功地规避了退绕现象。该算法为存在多重约束的航天器姿态控制问题提供了一个新的思路和解决方案,具有很好的实际应用价值。