SDM标模大迎角动态特性试验研究

介绍了CARDC高速所进行的SDM模型大迎角的动导数和大迎角大振幅动态试验情况与试验结果.SDM标模的试验结果表明:试验结果与国外文献数据具有较好的一致性.试验结果随马赫数和迎角的变化表现出明显的非线性,而减缩频率的影响并不显著.天平与测试系统的重复性精度较高.在试验条件下,减缩频率、振幅、平均迎角及来流肘数均对模型的动态气动特性有影响,其影响量值的大小与具体的试验条件有关.在迎角约为15°～75°范围内,试验曲线存在着迟滞环.     

含裂纹金属薄板的断裂韧度与剩余强度研究

为了探究影响含裂纹铝合金薄板材料断裂韧度、剩余强度的几何因素以及韧性材料的断裂机理,对典型航空铝合金2524-T3薄板,采用不同宽度、不同初始裂纹长度的中心裂纹板试样进行试验,测定材料的K-R阻力曲线,确定平面应力断裂韧度Kc和表观断裂韧度Kapp.试验结果表明:对于薄板结构,K-R阻力曲线与板宽相关;试件宽度、初始裂纹长度对断裂韧度和表观断裂韧度的确定都有影响,且板宽度的影响较大.基于上述结论,推荐两种可同时反映韧性材料断裂中的净截面屈服效应和韧性撕裂过程的剩余强度预测方法.     

2A12-T4铝合金长期大气腐蚀损伤规律

在海南省万宁地区开展了2A12-T4铝合金暴露7年、12年和20年的大气腐蚀试验,根据腐蚀特征将腐蚀区域划分为单侧腐蚀区和双侧腐蚀区,以结构最小剩余厚度值作为腐蚀特征量,进行了不同年限试验件中不同腐蚀区域最小剩余厚度的测量和统计分析,确定了满足99.9%可靠度与95%置信度的最小剩余厚度值以及95%置信度下的最小剩余厚度置信区间,并开展了腐蚀损伤形貌的金相分析。研究结果表明:2A12-T4铝合金大气腐蚀特征量服从正态分布;在大气腐蚀7~20年间2A12-T4铝合金板件的最小剩余厚度值是线性减小的;2A12-T4铝合金大气腐蚀7年后处于点蚀、晶间腐蚀、剥蚀的过渡期,12年后发生全面剥蚀,20年后剥蚀已相当严重且伴随着点蚀;双侧腐蚀区与单侧腐蚀区相比腐蚀深度更大且剥蚀层剥落严重。     

直升机起飞性能试飞方法研究

当直升机可用功率不足以维持地效外悬停时,直升机可以利用地面效应增速至一定前飞速度完成起飞。研究了地面效应和前飞速度对直升机剩余功率的影响,阐述了利用剩余功率进行有地效起飞的原理。介绍了3种有地效起飞方式,并使用水平加速—定速爬升法进行了起飞性能飞行试验,得到了水平越障距离随爬升速度的变化曲线,对飞行试验结果进行了分析,得到了有益的结论。     

直升机运输效能试飞技术研究

对直升机运输效能进行了理论分析,给出了直升机各项运输效能指标的计算方法。利用试验机进行了直升机运输效能试飞,最后给出了直升机各项运输效能指标的飞行试验结果。对于后续的直升机运输效能试飞和直升机运输效能评估等工作具有重要的参考价值。     

Practical compensation for nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system

The real dynamic thrust measurement system usually tends to be nonlinear due to the complex characteristics of the rig, pipes connection, etc. For a real dynamic measuring system,the nonlinearity must be eliminated by some adequate methods. In this paper, a nonlinear model of dynamic thrust measurement system is established by using radial basis function neural network(RBF-NN), where a novel multi-step force generator is designed to stimulate the nonlinearity of the system, and a practical compensation method for the measurement system using left inverse model is proposed. Left inverse model can be considered as a perfect dynamic compensation of the dynamic thrust measurement system, and in practice, it can be approximated by RBF-NN based on least mean square(LMS) algorithms. Different weights are set for producing the multi-step force, which is the ideal input signal of the nonlinear dynamic thrust measurement system. The validity of the compensation method depends on the engine’s performance and the tolerance error0.5%, which is commonly demanded in engineering. Results from simulations and experiments show that the practical compensation using left inverse model based on RBF-NN in dynamic thrust measuring system can yield high tracking accuracy than the conventional methods.     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

考虑输入饱和与姿态角速度受限的航天器姿态抗退绕控制

 针对航天器姿态控制过程中同时存在输入饱和与姿态角速度受限的问题,提出了一种新型的姿态控制设计方法。该方法在保证系统渐近稳定的前提下,能够显式地给出输入力矩和姿态角速度的最大幅值,并通过引入一个时变锐度参数来增强系统对外部干扰的抑制能力;在此基础上,进一步考虑了由于四元数的冗余性所导致的退绕问题,设计了一组新的姿态偏差函数和偏差向量,使得控制器在满足上述约束的同时还具有抗退绕的优点。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够同时满足输入饱和与姿态角速度受限的约束,并且在较大外部干扰的情况下表现出了很强的鲁棒性,同时成功地规避了退绕现象。该算法为存在多重约束的航天器姿态控制问题提供了一个新的思路和解决方案,具有很好的实际应用价值。     

大型枢纽机场中转水平评估研究

为了有效评估我国枢纽机场的中转水平,全面掌握枢纽机场发展中所面临的问题,构建了大型枢纽中转水平评估模型,并以中美欧三个国家和地区典型的大型枢纽为例进行实证分析。研究表明,与美国和欧洲大型枢纽的中转水平相比,我国大型枢纽的中转水平仍有很大差距;我国国内中转航班的中转水平远远低于美国,国内国际互转航班的中转水平与美国相当,国际转国际航班的中转水平高于美国;与欧洲三大国际枢纽的中转水平相比,我国北京首都机场与国际相关的水平中转仍有所不足。     

终端区空中交通流到达模式识别

为了实现对终端区空中交通流到达情况更加准确的分析,针对目前常用的流量统计方法中所存在的问题,提出了交通流到达模式概念,并对基于聚类思想的到达模式识别方法进行了研究。在对交通流到达时序数据提取的基础上,利用基于免疫优化算法的聚类方法实现了对交通流到达模式的识别。对交通流到达模式特征进行了分析,并结合滑动时间窗算法提出了交通高峰小时及峰值流量计算方法。通过实例分析证明了方法的可行性与准确性。