模型变形视频测量的相机位置坐标与姿态角确定

高速风洞试验中的模型变形视频测量(VMD)要求双(多)相机大角度大重叠的测量方式,而通过现有共线方程的线性化模型难以取得高精度的相机位置与姿态角,故推导包含共线方程泰勒展开二次项的非线性误差模型,建立3控制点的VMD相机位置与姿态确定技术.多个工程实例表明该技术能取得高精度的相机位置坐标与姿态角,有实用价值.     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

仿壁虎刚毛阵列对卫星表面吸附能力模型与计算

壁虎脚的粘着机理对航天机器人脚掌的研制和开发具有重要启发意义.通过单根刚毛与光滑表面黏着力模型与计算、卫星粗糙表面分布模型与接触概率与计算、刚毛阵列与卫星粗糙表面黏着力模型与计算等,分析仿壁虎刚毛阵列对卫星表面的吸附能力,发现在一定条件下仿壁虎刚毛阵能够在太空失重环境中黏着在卫星表面,对航天舱内爬行机器人、管道机器人的...     

深空探测中的钚-238同位素电源

钚-238同位素电源(钚-238 RTG)能够在恶劣环境下长时间自持运行,供电的同时还能提供热能,是深空探测任务的理想能源。首先对温差型钚-238 RTG发电原理和基本结构进行了阐述,介绍了国内外钚-238 RTG应用历史和发展趋势,进而梳理出了钚-238 RTG研制关键技术,然后结合国外钚-238 RTG研制技术状况及未来深空探测需求,对上述关键技术进行了分析和讨论,从而可为我国钚-238 RTG技术发展及其工程应用提供参考。     

深空探测用锂离子蓄电池在轨管理策略研究

高轨卫星、深空探测器在工作周期内地影时间较短,储能电池长期处于搁置状态,而在存储过程中由于界面副反应的存在会导致持续的锂离子电池容量衰降,影响储能电池的使用寿命。通过dV/dQ曲线分析、交流阻抗分析和解剖分析发现在存储过程中活性Li损失是导致锂离子电池容量损失的主要原因,在100%SoC状态时还会导致电解液在负极表面的分解加剧,引起正极的界面膜阻抗R_(SEI)和颗粒间接触阻抗R_(CR)出现明显的增加。研究结果表明:深空探测器电源系统在存储期间为了减少过放电风险,并减少不可逆容量损失,应将蓄电池的荷电状态控制在20%SoC左右,并定期进行充电。     

传感器安装对平板气动热测量精度的影响

对高超声速飞行器来说,气动热的准确预测是其合理选择防热材料及热结构设计的重要依据,但目前在激波风洞试验中气动热的高精度测量仍较为困难,热流的测量精度受到诸多非理想因素的影响,但传感器安装对热流测量精度的影响却鲜见研究。选取平板模型来研究传感器非理想安装对气动热测量精度的影响,针对不同的传感器安装偏差(凸出或凹入模型表面0.1~0.5 mm),分析不同雷诺数下传感器安装对气动热测量精度的影响规律及机理。研究结果表明:传感器安装对气动热测量精度有较大影响,凸出安装会导致热流测量结果偏大,而凹入安装则会导致测量结果偏小,热流偏差会随着安装偏差的增大而增大,且高来流雷诺数下传感器非理想安装所引起的热流误差更大;以边界层当地厚度对凹凸程度无量纲化,非理想安装带来的测量偏差只与该无量纲参数相关。研究结果能够为气动热测量的实验方案设计及测量误差分析提供一定的理论指导。      

Characteristics of Icy Surfaces

The surfaces of the Solar System’s icy satellites show an extraordinary variety of morphological features, which bear witness to exchange processes between the surface and subsurface. In this paper we review the characteristics of surface features on the moons of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Using data from spacecraft missions, we discuss the detailed morphology, size, and topography of cryovolcanic, tectonic, aeolian, fluvial, and impact features of both large moons and smaller satellites.     

Implications of X-ray Observations for Electron Acceleration and Propagation in Solar Flares

High-energy X-rays and ??-rays from solar flares were discovered just over fifty years ago. Since that time, the standard for the interpretation of spatially integrated flare X-ray spectra at energies above several tens of keV has been the collisional thick-target model. After the launch of the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) in early 2002, X-ray spectra and images have been of sufficient quality to allow a greater focus on the energetic electrons responsible for the X-ray emission, including their origin and their interactions with the flare plasma and magnetic field. The result has been new insights into the flaring process, as well as more quantitative models for both electron acceleration and propagation, and for the flare environment with which the electrons interact. In this article we review our current understanding of electron acceleration, energy loss, and propagation in flares. Implications of these new results for the collisional thick-target model, for general flare models, and for future flare studies are discussed.     

片光反射遮挡式超高速亚毫米粒子探测技术

为满足在超高速碰撞靶上开展航天器抗空间碎片防护性能试验,需要准确测量速度3～10km／s,以及更高速度的毫米级或亚毫米级粒子的飞行速度,在可以实现毫米级粒子探测的片光遮挡式粒子探测技术基础上发展了片光反射遮挡式粒子探测技术,通过采用提高粒子直径与激光光束宽度的比值,解决了探测粒子直径小于1mm时探测信号弱不能识别等关键技术,研制了试验装置并开展了验证试验,研究结果表明该技术在0．2～10km／s速度范围内可实现直径为0．1mm量级粒子的有效探测。     

桥式测量转换电路特性与实验教学结合的探索与实践

桥式测量转换电路是众多传感器测量转换电路中非常重要的一种转换电路,其特性的理解和掌握对理解其在多种电路中的应用起着至关重要的作用。通过应变片电阻传感器实验教学可实现对桥式测量转换电路特性的掌握。