给定通流部分形状时轴流压气机级性能优化

用一维理论对轴流压气机的初步设计作了进一步研究，导出了轴流压气机基元级的特性关系。建立了在给定通流部分形状时最优化设计的数学模型。得到了解析关系。并通过研究给出了数值算例。所得解析关系具有一定的普适性，并可进一步拓展用于多级轴流压气机优化中。     

浮升力对双旋转轴间流动换热影响的数值模拟

利用Boussinesq假设，采用混合长度模型，对具有轴向通流的双旋转轴间的流动换热进行了数值研究，得到了轴间气体充分发展段的速度分布、温度分布和加热边的对流换热系数，其结果在实验模型参数范围内与PfitzerH的实验研究符合较好。在此基础上，进一步数值模拟研究了同向等速旋转双轴间不可压流的离心浮升力对流动换热的影响，结果表明：离心浮升力对流动换热的影响取决于浮升力与惯性力之比GrB/Rex^2。当GrB/Rex^2≥24时，浮升力的影响十分显著，不可忽略。     

Optimal speckle reduction in polarimetric SAR imagery

Speckle is a major cause of degradation in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. With the availability of fully polarimetric SAR data, it is possible to use the three complex elements (HH, HV, VV) of the polarimetric scattering matrix to reduce speckle. The optimal method for combining the elements of the scattering matrix to minimize image speckle is derived, and the solution is shown to be a polarimetric whitening filter (PWF). A simulation of spatially correlated, K-distributed, fully polarimetric clutter is then used to compare the PWF with other, suboptimal speckle-reduction methods. Target detection performance of the PWF, span, and single-channel |HH|² detectors is compared with that of the optimal polarimetric detector (OPD). A novel, constant-false-alarm-rate (CFAR) detector (the adaptive PWF) is as a simple alternative to the OPD for detecting targets in clutter. This algorithm estimates the polarization covariance of the clutter, uses the covariance to construct the minimum-speckle image, and then tests for the presence of a target. An exact theoretical analysis of the adaptive PWF is presented; the algorithm is shown to have detection performance comparable with that of the OPD     

Relationship Between Substorm Auroras and Processes in the Near-Earth Magnetotail

Although the auroral substorm has been long regarded as a manifestation of the magnetospheric substorm, a direct relation of active auroras to certain magnetospheric processes is still debatable. To investigate the relationship, we combine the data of the UV imager onboard the Polar satellite with plasma and magnetic field measurements by the Geotail spacecraft. The poleward edge of the auroral bulge, as determined from the images obtained at the LHBL passband, is found to be conjugated with the region where the oppositely directed fast plasma flows observed in the near-Earth plasma sheet during substorms are generated. We conclude that the auroras forming the bulge are due to the near-Earth reconnection process. This implies that the magnetic flux through the auroral bulge is equal to the flux dissipated in the magnetotail during the substorm. Comparison of the magnetic flux through the auroral bulge with the magnetic flux accumulated in the tail lobe during the growth phase shows that these parameters have the comparable values. This is a clear evidence of the loading–unloading scheme of substorm development. It is shown that the area of the auroral bulge developing during substorm is proportional to the total (magnetic plus plasma) pressure decrease in the magnetotail. These findings stress the importance of auroral bulge observations for monitoring of substorm intensity in terms of the magnetic flux and energy dissipation.     

Global Response of Martian Plasma Environment to an Interplanetary Structure: From Ena and Plasma Observations at Mars

As a part of the global plasma environment study of Mars and its response to the solar wind, we have analyzed a peculiar case of the subsolar energetic neutral atom (ENA) jet observed on June 7, 2004 by the Neutral Particle Detector (NPD) on board the Mars Express satellite. The “subsolar ENA jet” is generated by the interaction between the solar wind and the Martian exosphere, and is one of the most intense sources of ENA flux observed in the vicinity of Mars. On June 7, 2004 (orbit 485 of Mars Express), the NPD observed a very intense subsolar ENA jet, which then abruptly decreased within ∼10 sec followed by quasi-periodic (∼1 min) flux variations. Simultaneously, the plasma sensors detected a solar wind structure, which was most likely an interplanetary shock surface. The abrupt decrease of the ENA flux and the quasi-periodic flux variations can be understood in the framework of the global response of the Martian plasma obstacle to the interplanetary shock. The generation region of the subsolar ENA jet was pushed towards the planet by the interplanetary shock; and therefore, Mars Express went out of the ENA jet region. Associated global vibrations of the Martian plasma obstacle may have been the cause of the quasi-periodic flux variations of the ENA flux at the spacecraft location.     

An Introduction to Theory and Models of CMEs, Shocks, and Solar Energetic Particles

We present a brief introduction to the essential physics of coronal mass ejections as well as a review of theory and models of CME initiation, solar energetic particle (SEP) acceleration, and shock propagation. A brief review of the history of CME models demonstrates steady progress toward an understanding of CME initiation, but it is clear that the question of what initiates CMEs has still not been solved. For illustration, we focus on the flux cancellation model and the breakout model. We contrast the similarities and differences between these models, and we examine how their essential features compare with observations. We review the generation of shocks by CMEs. We also outline the theoretical ideas behind the origin of a gradual SEP event at the evolving CME-driven coronal/interplanetary shock and the origin of “impulsive” SEP events at flare sites of magnetic reconnection below CMEs. We argue that future developments in models require focused study of “campaign events” to best utilize the wealth of available CME and SEP observations.     

寿命服从指数分布的电子设备备件储备量的确定

电子设备备品备件是舰载导弹发射装置实现任务可靠度和战备完好性的保证,文中介绍了根据电子设备寿命服从指数分布的特点,解算出电子设备的故障率,并建立了备品备件储备量的数学模型,具有实际应用价值。     

基于BP神经网络的战斗机采购费用估算

介绍了飞机采购费用的构成,概述了飞机采购费用的估算方法;简单描述了人工神经网络的基本原理,以此构建了BP网络模型;最后,利用神经网络方法对飞机采购费用进行估算,并用MATLAB进行仿真,取得了比较满意的结果。     

无加力涡扇发动机二元喷管的红外辐射特性实验

对轴对称喷管和一组长宽比分别为1,4,8,12和16的二元喷管进行了红外辐射特性测试实验研究。喷管中的气流由主流燃气和次流空气组成,用以模拟涡扇发动机的喷管。得出了二元喷管的红外辐射强度的空间分布,并且将二元喷管和轴对称喷管的红外辐射强度进行了比较。