Development and calibration of heat transfer coefficient sensor for rotational state

A novel heat transfer coefficient sensor is introduced and the design, manufacture,and calibration are described.The intended application of this instrument was on a high rotational speed test disc. In the experiments,the heat transfer coefficient sensor was calibrated under static state and rotational state respectively. The calibration under the static state was accomplished in a pipe: the inside diameter (ID) was 0.048m and the total length was 4m, the distance between the sensor and the inlet of the pipe was 3.5m; the standard value was measured using a self-made calibrator. The calibration under the rotational state was accomplished using a rotating disc: the diameter and thickness of the stainless disc were 800mm and 25mm, respectively;the sensor was installed at the location of r =250mm; the rotating disc driven by a 30kW direct current motor can supply the maximum rotational speed of 3000r/min. The standard value under rotational state was provided by an approximate empirical formula. The results show that the designed sensor can measure heat transfer coefficient directly under rotational state and static state with good accuracy and stability; the correlation factor of K are constant under static state and rotational state.      

模型冲压发动机低压条件下燃烧效率试验

在亚燃冲压发动机直连式高空试验系统上,实现了模型冲压发动机在40～60 kPa条件下的点火和稳定燃烧,研究了燃烧室构型、燃烧室入口来流条件以及燃料当量比对燃烧效率的影响。试验结果表明:低压条件下的燃烧效率比常压和高压条件下的燃烧效率都要低;但低压条件下燃烧效率随燃烧室构型、模拟来流条件和燃料当量比的变化规律与常压和高压下的情况基本一致,增加燃烧室长度、提高来流总压和总温、增大燃料当量比,降低飞行高度,以及增强煤油的雾化和混合,都有利于提高燃烧效率;与常压和高压下的情况不同的是减小凹腔长深比能进一步提高燃烧效率。     

高超声速风洞多体干扰与分离试验技术

在FL-31风洞中进行了某高超声速飞行器的多体干扰与分离试验技术研究,成功建立了多体干扰与分离试验技术。试验模型是某典型构型的可重复使用航天飞行器,由助推器以及再入体两部分组成。利用风洞上下投放机构实现两模型间的相对运动,采用两台天平对模型的气动力进行测量,同时利用纹影仪记录模型分离过程中的激波干扰情况。结果表明：试验系统设计合理,能准确模拟物体间分离过程,并能精确测量多体干扰的气动力特性,激波干扰清晰可见。     

Tween-20协同麦草酶水解的研究

采用正交试验设计的方法,对在混合酶(纤维素酶 Celluclast 1.5 l,β-葡萄糖苷酶 Novozym 188)与Tween-20协同作用下,经乙醇预处理的麦草酶水解工艺条件进行研究,详细讨论了反应温度、底物浓度、Tween-20用量、纤维素酶用量对还原糖浓度和得率的影响,并对酶水解工艺进行优化.结果表明,最佳工艺条件为反应温度50 ℃,底物质量浓度100 g·L~(-1),Tween-20用量0.03 g·g~(-1),纤维素酶用量15 FPU·g~(-1).在此条件下,水解72 h时,还原糖质量浓度和得率分别达到46.1 g·L~(-1)和41.5%.     

协作优化在无人机概念设计中的应用

多学科设计优化（MDO）是当前飞行器设计研究中一个最新、最活跃的领域,而协作优化是解决多学科设计优化问题的一种二级MDO算法。将协作优化应用到无人机的概念设计中,建立了包含气动、重量、性能和稳定性四个学科的无人机系统优化模型。与传统的设计方法相比,该方法为无人机在概念设计阶段提供了更加合理的飞行器外形,降低了初步设计和详细设计阶段对飞行器外形修改的可能性,从而缩短研制周期和降低成本。     

MSSS-UKF滤波在大方位失准角初始对准中的应用

针对大方位失准角初始对准中非线性滤波的实时性问题,在分析UKF滤波中的Sigma点采样策略基础上,将最小偏度单形采样策略应用于UKF滤波算法的Sigma点采样过程,并将基于最小偏度单形采样的UKF应用于大方位失准角的非线性初始对准过程。仿真结果显示,基于最小偏度单形采样策略(Minimal Skew Simplex Sampling)的UKF对姿态失准角估计的快速性要明显优于基于对称采样策略的UKF滤波算法,且可以满足惯导系统对对准精度和时间的要求。     

基于AHP-FCE法的航空公司运行安全评估

对航空公司运行安全进行科学的评估是确保公司安全运行的有效措施。对航空公司运行安全评估以及公司自评提供一种定量与定性相结合的方法。根据航空公司运行的实际情况,合理地选择评价指标,客观地、系统地建立各因素之间的层次模型,然后通过模糊综合评判方法,进行航空公司运行安全评价,得出评价结果。     

多铺层碳纤维蜂窝板模型修正

 蜂窝板是现代飞行器的主要承力结构,通过分析各形式响应面适用范围,提出Linear-and-Gaussian组合核支持向量机(SVM)响应面和基于分组控制策略的改进粒子群优化(IPSO)算法。用ANSYS的SHELL91单元建立多铺层碳纤维蜂窝板的有限元模型(FEM),并通过正交试验设计和F值检验确定待修正结构参数,构造Linear-and-Gaussian响应面以拟合待修正结构参数与蜂窝板模态频率的关系并检验响应面模型有效性。最后,用基于分组控制策略的IPSO算法对响应面模型中的结构参数进行修正,修正后参数代入原有限元模型得到修正模型。通过对修正前后模型模态频率与基准模型模态频率在测试频段内外的对比,证实了修正后模型具有良好的复现能力和预测能力。     

Effects of temperature distribution and level on heat transfer on a rotating free disk

In gas turbine engines, with the existence of the intense forced convection and significant buoyancy effects, temperature distribution and level on turbine or compressor disks affect the heat transfer characteristics strongly. In this paper, numerical simulations were performed to analyze these influences for a free disk, with the laminar and turbulent flow respectively. The influences of temperature distribution on the heat transfer were observed by using incompressible cooling air, and temperature profiles of nth order monomial and polynomial were assumed on the disk. The analysis revealed that the heat transfer for two flow states on the free disk is determined by the exponent n of the monomial profile when specifying the rotating Reynolds number; for an arbitrary polynomial profile, the local Nusselt number can be deduced from results of monomial profiles. To study the effects of temperature level on heat transfer singly, monomial profiles were used and the local Nusselt number of compressible and incompressible cooling air were compared.And both for two flow states, the following conclusions could be drawn: the relative difference of local Nusselt number is mainly controlled by nondimensional local temperature difference, and almost independent of the monomial's coefficient C, exponent n and the rotating Reynolds number. Subsequently, a correction method for heat transfer of the free disk is presented and verified computationally, with which the local Nusselt number, obtained with a uniform and low temperature profile, can be revised by arbitrary distribution and high temperature magnitude.      

基于透射法的能见度测量装置设计与实验研究

探索并实现了一种新型的单端透射式能见度测量装置,该装置是一种易于对准调校的便携式测量系统。介绍了装置的基本设计思路及主要测量原理,进行了装置与参考仪器的能见度测量比对实验。实验验证了装置测量能见度的性能,测量相对误差在±15%以内。