盘式对转永磁风力发电机设计与分析

针对现有风力发电系统普遍存在的工作风速范围较窄、风能利用率较低等问题,设计了一种盘式双转子对转永磁风力发电机,双转子对转运行。在介绍该电机的结构与运行原理的基础上,推导了电机功率尺寸方程,给出了该电机的初步设计方法。利用有限元软件对电机进行了三维建模和动态仿真分析,得到其磁路特点和电磁性能,验证了所提设计方法的有效性。     

电动汽车轮毂电机技术的发展现状与发展趋势

轮毂电机具有结构紧凑、传动效率高、控制和转向灵活等优点。由轮毂电机驱动的电动汽车是新能源汽车重要的发展方向。通过各种电机的对比,认为永磁同步电机效率高、功率密度高、可靠性好,是轮毂驱动电机一个较好的选择。总结了电动汽车轮毂电机国内外的应用概况,介绍了轮毂电机电磁设计优化、控制策略及散热方式和结构方面进行的研究和工作,最后探讨了我国电动汽车轮毂电机研究中存在的问题,展望了轮毂电机未来的发展方向。     

永磁同步电机无位置估计误差的滑模观测器无速度传感器控制方法

传统滑模观测器(SMO)无速度传感器控制方法在电机的运行速度出现较大变化时,对位置的估计会出现稳态误差。为了消除位置的估计误差,提出了一种带有反动电势修正的SMO无速度传感器控制方法。反电动势的修正律基于永磁同步电机(PMSM)的dq轴电流模型。即使电机运行在速度大幅波动的情况下,也能保持位置估计误差为零,且该方法计算增量较小,易于实现。将所提出的方法在1台1.5 kW的PMSM上进行了仿真和试验,结果验证了位置估计误差能有效地收敛至零。     

电动汽车用永磁同步电机控制器设计

电动汽车逐渐成为人们出行的交通工具之一,对技术可靠性和安全性的要求较高。电机控制器是实现电池直流电源向三相交流电源转换的装置,驱动永磁同步电机(PMSM)输出力能。设计了一款基于瑞萨单片机的PMSM控制器,从元器件选型、硬件保护电路原理、PCB布局、控制算法、结构强度和热分析方面展开分析。最后生产控制器样机并搭建试验平台,对PMSM控制器进行了效率特性测试、发电测试和温升测试。试验结果验证了设计方案的合理性。     

Online condition diagnosis for a two-stage gearbox machinery of an aerospace utilization system using an ensemble multi-fault features indexing approach

China manned space station is designed to operate for over ten years. Long-term and sustainable research on space science and technology will be conducted during its operation. The application payloads must meet the ‘‘long life and high reliability" mission requirement. Gearbox machinery is one of the essential devices in an aerospace utilization system, failure of which may lead to downtime loss even during some disastrous catastrophes. A fault diagnosis of gearbox has attracted attentions for its significance in preventing catastrophic accidents and guaranteeing sufficient maintenance. A novel fault diagnosis method based on the Ensemble Multi-Fault Features Indexing(EMFFI) approach is proposed for the condition monitoring of gearboxes. Different from traditional methods of signal analysis in the one-dimensional space, this study employs a supervised learning method to determine the faults of a gearbox in a two-dimensional space using the classification model established by training the features extracted automatically from diagnostic vibration signals captured. The proposed method mainly includes the following steps. First, the vibration signals are transformed into a bi-spectrum contour map utilizing bi-spectrum technology,which provides a basis for the following image-based feature extraction. Then, Speeded-Up Robustness Feature(SURF) is applied to automatically extract the image feature points of the bi-spectrum contour map using a multi-fault features indexing theory, and the feature dimension is reduced by Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA). Finally, Random Forest(RF) is introduced to identify the fault types of the gearbox. The test results verify that the proposed method based on the multi-fault features indexing approach achieves the target of high diagnostic accuracy and can serve as a highly effective technique to discover faults in a gearbox machinery such as a two-stage one.     

Aircraft engine fault detection based on grouped convolutional denoising autoencoders

Many existing aircraft engine fault detection methods are highly dependent on performance deviation data that are provided by the original equipment manufacturer. To improve the independent engine fault detection ability, Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) data can be used. However, owing to the characteristics of high dimension, complex correlations between parameters, and large noise content, it is difficult for existing methods to detect faults effectively by using ACARS data. To solve this problem, a novel engine fault detection method based on original ACARS data is proposed. First, inspired by computer vision methods, all variables were divided into separated groups according to their correlations. Then, an improved convolutional denoising autoencoder was used to extract the features of each group. Finally, all of the extracted features were fused to form feature vectors. Thereby, fault samples could be identified based on these feature vectors. Experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method and other competing methods by considering real ACARS data as the data source. The results reveal the good performance of our method with regard to comprehensive fault detection and robustness. Additionally, the computational and time costs of our method are shown to be relatively low.     

某型超精密机床液体静压导轨温控设计与仿真方法研究

针对某型超精密机床液体静压导轨温度控制进行深入研究,提出多种不同的温度控制方法,并应用ANSYS仿真软件分别对液体静压导轨热变形进行了仿真,得出了不同温度控制方法下导轨的热变形大小。仿真结果显示,针对不同使用环境,通过不同的温度控制方法,对液体静压导轨进行热变形控制,从而满足超精密机床的使用要求,提高超精密机床的加工精度。。     

叶片吸力面不同位置处气膜冷却特性对比

在跨声速叶栅通道内,试验研究了叶片吸力面不同位置处的气膜冷却特性,详细地分析吸力面两个位置处的簸箕孔型在主流进口雷诺数为3.7×105、出口马赫数为0.81,0.91,1.01及气膜吹风比为0.6～2.1条件下的气膜冷却效率.结果表明:气膜孔2位于大的叶片曲率位置处,该位置处主流能使得射流更好地贴附在壁面上,但是该影响有利有弊.在小吹风比下,气膜孔射流本身就能很好地贴附壁面,因而主流使得气膜贴壁较好的作用不强,而主流使得气膜展向扩展不易的负面影响却比较明显.在大吹风比下,气膜射流法向分量较大,气膜容易脱离壁面,此时,气膜孔2由于主流作用使得气膜更好地贴附在壁面上,气膜冷却效率有较大提升.      

刷式封严磨损特性及其对泄漏影响的试验研究

为了获得刷式封严磨损特性及其对泄漏影响,对间隙、过渡、过盈3种配合状态的低前挡板型小尺寸刷式封严进行了试验研究,试验测量了磨损量、泄漏量和转子轴心轨迹等。根据测量结果对各配合刷式封严的磨损特性和磨损对泄漏影响进行了研究。分析结果显示,在磨损特性方面:间隙配合状态下,磨损是局部磨损;过盈配合状态下,磨损发生在整个试验阶段,在试验初始阶段磨损较严重,且磨损较为均匀地发生在整个圆周;过渡配合的磨损发生在整个圆周上,且其磨损不均匀。在磨损对泄漏影响方面:间隙配合状态下,试验初始阶段小压差下磨损对泄漏的影响不明显,在中等压差0.2~0.3MPa时较为明显;过渡配合,磨损对泄漏的影响在小压差和中等压差下较为明显,大压差下不明显;过盈配合下,磨损对泄漏的影响发生在整个试验阶段且磨损对泄漏的影响随磨损量变化的减小而逐渐减小,试验的初始阶段磨损对泄漏的影响最为明显;试验的初始阶段,过盈配合时磨损对泄漏影响最大,过盈配合时次之,间隙配合时最小。     

涡轮盘轮缘封严结构参数对封严效率影响的实验研究

在航空发动机涡轮部件中,封严环的设计对涡轮盘腔的冷却封严有着至关重要的作用。使用CO_2浓度测量法针对静盘双齿动盘单齿封严环的结构参数(齿高和齿间距)变化对封严效率的影响进行了实验研究,目的在于获得封严结构的封严效率和最小封严流量的变化规律。实验在主流雷诺数Re_w=4.39×10~5,旋转雷诺数7.51×10~5Re_?1.30×10~6的范围内,测量了不同封严流量下的封严效率,以及不同结构参数下各工况的最小封严流量。结果表明:封严效率随封严流量和旋转雷诺数的增加而增加;最小封严流量随着齿间距的增大和齿高的减小而增大,G_c平均每增加7.5×10~(-4),所需的最小封严流量会增加8.0%,G_(ov)平均每增加1.12×10~(-3),可使最小封严流量减少4.7%,同时旋转雷诺数的变化对变齿间距下的最小封严流量有明显效果,而在变齿高情况下则没有影响。