基于Sarsa(λ)强化学习的空间机械臂路径规划研究

针对目标特性未知的在轨操作环境,研究了典型空间操作机械臂的路径规划策略。采用Sarsa(λ)强化学习方法实现目标跟踪及避障的自主路径规划与智能决策,该方法将机械臂系统的每节臂视为一个决策智能体,通过感知由目标偏差和障碍距离程度组成的二维状态,设计符合人工经验的拟合奖赏函数,进行各臂转动动作的强化训练,最终形成各智能体的状态-动作值函数表,即可作为机械臂在线路径规划的决策依据。将本方法应用于多自由度空间机械臂路径规划任务,仿真结果表明新算法能在有限训练次数内实现对移动目标的稳定跟踪与避障,同时各智能体通过学习所得的状态-动作值函数表,具备较强的后期在线自主调整能力,从而验证了算法较强的鲁棒性和智能性。     

火星进入器作强迫震荡运动壁面脉动压力数值模拟

为研究超声速阶段进入器作强迫震荡运动对壁面脉动压力环境的影响规律,本文耦合进入器刚体运动方程与流体力学方程,采用动网格技术,对火星进入器模型开展非定常数值模拟,获取壁面不同位置处的脉动压力信息。研究表明：在超声速阶段,进入器作强迫震荡运动诱导的脉动压力远大于进入器保持相对静止时仅由非定常流动诱导的脉动压力。来流马赫数为1.2时,进入器作强迫震荡运动对脱体激波影响较小,脱体激波强度较弱且形态变化较小,攻角的震荡导致同一测点距离脱体激波的位置发生周期性改变,舱体迎风面及配平翼迎风面的脉动压力环境主要受攻角变化的影响;来流马赫数为3时,进入器作强迫震荡运动对脱体激波的影响较大,脱体激波震荡剧烈,诱导舱体迎风面及配平翼迎风面产生极其恶劣的脉动压力环境,功率谱分析表明激波震荡诱导的脉动压力能量主要集中在30 Hz左右。     

基于综合电子的某型运载器电气系统方案设计

为降低全生命周期成本,提高航天运载器综合竞争力,提出了基于综合电子方案的某型运载器电气系统设计实现方法。首先对该运载器功能需求进行了分析,建立了基于综合电子的系统分布式集成逻辑架构,然后分别就系统任务规划与操作系统分区结构、基于时间触发以太网(TTE)的一体化机内外总线体制以及系统容错处理机制等关键技术及实现途径开展了分析论证。本方案提出的相关软、硬件设计方法有利于实现系统快速集成与系统内资源共享,同时为实现冗余容错控制、在线任务规划等功能提供了便利。     

Design and application of an air-cooled probe for total pressure measurement at combustor outlet

An air-cooled probe was designed for measurement of total pressure at combustor outlet; its cooling scheme combined the film cooling and convection cooling. With the aid of CFD technique, cooling effectiveness of the coolant jets at various blow ratios was compared; suitable blow ratios and configuration of film holes were chosen accordingly. The overall cooling performance of the probe was evaluated via CFD technique, the design was improved according to the simulation result, and the cooling effect of the leading edge was obviously strengthened by increasing the local coolant mass flow rate. The results of wind tunnel test indicated that, between Mach numbers 0.2 and 0.4, the probe achieved a high accuracy at various attack angles. The probe was utilized in an annular combustor rig test, the highest temperature reached 1760K and total pressure reaches 1036kPa. The result of rig test demonstrates that the coolant film distribution consistent appropriately with the CFD results.      

一种混合励磁同步发电机的气隙磁密分析及其电压谐波抑制

为改善混合励磁同步发电机的气隙磁密分布,采用三段式气隙长度对转子进行了优化,对比了优化前后的气隙磁密。为抑制电压谐波,在完成转子结构优化的基础上,进一步采用短距、分布电枢绕组以及定子斜槽等措施。最后对样机电压波形进行了实测和质量分析,结果表明:采用三段式气隙长度与定子斜槽相结合,可将电压波形的总谐波失真(THD)抑制在5%的范围内。此外,探讨了偏心距法在切向/径向混合励磁电机中应用的可行性,并对比了分别采用偏心距法和三段式气隙长度法时的气隙磁密。     

变频运行风机扭矩脉动抑制研究

针对某台轴流式引风机变频改造后频繁发生轴系故障的现象,采用无线应变电测技术测试了轴系扭应力脉动特性。试验发现,风机变频运行在一定转速以上时,传动轴扭应力脉动幅度突增,并一直维持在高位。在运行过程中扭应力脉动频率被锁定,不随转速变化,该现象和扭转共振不同。分析表明,变频器电机传动轴叶轮组成的机电耦联系统出现了扭振失稳。提出将轴系上的膜片联轴器改为高弹橡胶联轴器,通过增加系统阻尼的方法抑制扭振失稳。改造前后的试验结果对比表明,高弹联轴器可以有效地抑制轴系扭振失稳。     

电动汽车用永磁同步电机控制器设计

电动汽车逐渐成为人们出行的交通工具之一,对技术可靠性和安全性的要求较高。电机控制器是实现电池直流电源向三相交流电源转换的装置,驱动永磁同步电机(PMSM)输出力能。设计了一款基于瑞萨单片机的PMSM控制器,从元器件选型、硬件保护电路原理、PCB布局、控制算法、结构强度和热分析方面展开分析。最后生产控制器样机并搭建试验平台,对PMSM控制器进行了效率特性测试、发电测试和温升测试。试验结果验证了设计方案的合理性。     

基于降阶谐振控制器的三相逆变器电压控制研究

针对三相逆变器输出侧接非线性负载时输出电压的质量易受谐波影响的问题,选用基于降阶谐振控制器(RRSC)的电压控制方法。与谐振控制器相比,RRSC能够进行正负序的分离,然后分别处理,并且计算量小,运算效率高。为了在此基础上再次降低输出电压谐波含量,进一步改进了RRSC,并将其用于三相逆变器电压控制。最后,对所提控制方法进行了仿真验证,并与降阶谐振控制方法进行了详细分析对比。仿真结果证明了所提控制方法的有效性。     

Effect of W addition on phase transformation and microstructure of powder metallurgic Ti-22Al-25Nb alloys during quenching and furnace cooling

Powder metallurgic Ti2 AlNb alloys with W addition are sintered at 900, 1000, 1070 °C,and 1150 °C(i.e., in the O + B2, a_2+ B2 + O, a_2+ B2, and single B2 phase regions, respectively)for 12 h, followed by water quenching and furnace cooling. Comparisons of phase and microstructure between quenched and furnace-cooled W-modified alloys are carried out to illustrate the phase transformation and microstructure evolution during the cooling process. Furthermore, a comparison is also made between W-modified and W-free alloys, to reveal the function of the W alloying.W addition accelerates the solutions of a_2 and O phases during the high-temperature holding, and a Widmannsta¨tten B2 + O structure, which contributes to the properties, is induced by furnace cooling from all the phase regions. The Widmannsta¨tten structure includes a B2 matrix, primary O, and secondary O precipitates. However, W alloying refines the Widmannsta¨tten structure only when the alloys are solution-treated and then cooled from the single B2 phase. Although the hardness of the W-modified alloys is lower than that of the W-free alloys sintered in the same phase region, an enhancement of hardness, 489 ± 18 HV, is obtained in the alloy solution-treated in the single B2 phase region for only 0.5 h.     

A quantum inspired genetic algorithm for multimodal optimization of wind disturbance alleviation flight control system

This paper develops a Quantum-inspired Genetic Algorithm (QGA) to find the sets of optimal parameters for the wind disturbance alleviation Flight Control System (FCS). To search the problem domain more evenly and uniformly, the lattice rule based stratification method is used to create new chromosomes. The chromosomes are coded and updated according to quantum-inspired strategies. A niching method is used to ensure every chromosome can converge to its corresponding local minimum in the optimization process. A parallel archive system is adopted to monitor the chromosomes on-line and save all potential feasible solutions in the optimization process. An adaptive search strategy is used to gradually adjust the search domain of each niche to finally approach the local minima. The solutions found by the QGA are compared with some other Multimodal Optimization (MO) algorithms and are tested on the FCS of the Boeing 747 to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.