Remaining useful life prediction for engineering systems under dynamic operational conditions: A semi-Markov decision process-based approach

For critical engineering systems such as aircraft and aerospace vehicles, accurate Remaining Useful Life(RUL) prediction not only means cost saving, but more importantly, is of great significance in ensuring system reliability and preventing disaster. RUL is affected not only by a system's intrinsic deterioration, but also by the operational conditions under which the system is operating. This paper proposes an RUL prediction approach to estimate the mean RUL of a continuously degrading system under dynamic operational conditions and subjected to condition monitoring at short equi-distant intervals. The dynamic nature of the operational conditions is described by a discrete-time Markov chain, and their influences on the degradation signal are quantified by degradation rates and signal jumps in the degradation model. The uniqueness of our proposed approach is formulating the RUL prediction problem in a semi-Markov decision process framework, by which the system mean RUL can be obtained through the solution to a limited number of equations. To extend the use of our proposed approach in real applications, different failure standards according to different operational conditions are also considered. The application and effectiveness of this approach are illustrated by a turbofan engine dataset and a comparison with existing results for the same dataset.     

日月影响的地球重力加速度精确计算方法

介绍了地球表面上任意一点重力加速度的计算方法,得出了考虑地球、太阳和月球引力,海平面一定高度范围内的点位在一年和一昼夜中,不同的时间点重力加速度的计算公式。其中太阳引力和地球围绕太阳旋转相关的加速度分量在一昼夜时间内影响的方向会有变化,月球引力的影响较小,但影响的方向在昼夜间也是变化的,最终确定了地球表面上加速度的最大最小值。     

白谱法在电离层扰动研究中的应用

将电离层扰动从其背景中分离出来一直是电离层扰动研究的核心与难点。文章综述白谱法在电离层扰动研究方面取得的进展,主要有：1）白谱法比常规电离层扰动提取方法能更好地描述磁暴期间电离层的扰动,利用白谱法构建的电离层天气单站指数 Js、全球指数 Jp 和区域指数Jr与 Dst 指数之间存在极好的关联性,可以直接利用 Dst 来对 Jp进行预报。2）白谱法同样适合研究强磁暴期间的电离层异常弱响应。对比研究发现,电离层在强磁暴条件下的弱响应不依赖于采用的扰动提取方法本身,并且该现象的出现与纬度、地方时及磁暴前期条件强烈相关。3）白谱法是研究地磁平静期由其他扰动源引起电离层扰动的有力工具。基于白谱法构建的Js分布图能够很好地反映台风过程中电离层扰动的空间特征。     

SGF/PP泡沫复合材料的发泡效果和力学性能

用单螺杆挤出机及型内二步法发泡工艺制备了短玻璃纤维(Short glass fiber,SGF)增强聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)泡沫复合材料,研究了SGF的质量分数对泡沫复合材料的泡孔形貌、界面粘结和力学性能的影响。结果表明,SGF的引入提高了共混体系的熔体强度,能够获得泡径细小且分布均匀的闭孔结构;偶联剂的表面包覆改善了SGF与PP的相容性,显著增强了两者的界面结合;随着增强纤维的加入,SGF/PP泡沫复合材料的冲击韧度和抗弯强度均呈现先增后降的变化趋势,并在SGF的含量为20%时达到最大值;研究发现,适量的SGF在共混体系中分散均匀且与基体的界面结合和共混体系的发泡效果得到显著改善,决定了SGF/PP泡沫复合材料能够获得优异的力学性能。     

A study of GPS ionospheric scintillations observed at Shenzhen

Ionospheric scintillation variations are studied using GPS measurements at the low latitude station of Shenzhen (22.59°N, 113.97°E), situated under the northern crest of the equatorial anomaly region, from the Chinese Meridian Project. The results are presented for data collected during the current phase of rising solar activity (low to high solar activity) from December 2010 to April 2014. The results show that GPS scintillation events were largely a nighttime phenomenon during the whole observation period. Scintillation events mainly occurred along the inner edge of the northern crest of the equatorial anomaly in China. The occurrence of scintillations in different sectors of the sky was also investigated, and the results revealed that it is more likely for the scintillations to be observed in the west sector of the sky above Shenzhen. During the present period of study, a total number of 512 total electron content (TEC) depletions and 460 lock loss events were observed. In addition, both of these events are likely to increase during periods of high solar activity, especially because the strong scintillations are often simultaneously accompanied by TEC depletions and lock losses by GPS receivers.     

A preliminary study of the single crest phenomenon in total electron content (TEC) in the equatorial anomaly region around 120°E longitude between 1999 and 2012

The diurnal variations in total electron content (TEC) in the equatorial ionisation anomaly (EIA) region are not always represented by two crests on both sides of the magnetic equator. Sometimes, only an obvious single crest is evident at equatorial and low latitudes. In this paper, we focus on analysis of the morphological features of the single crest phenomenon in TEC around 120°E longitude during geomagnetic quiet days (Kp < 4₋). The variations in TEC are also compared with morphological parameters (foF2 and hmF2) derived from the International Reference Ionosphere extended to Plasmasphere (IRI–Plas) model. Our results show that the single crest phenomenon occurs mainly on days with extremely low solar activity, while the corresponding F2 layer critical frequency showed obvious asymmetry, or even only a single peak.     

VLBI observations to the APOD satellite

The APOD (Atmospheric density detection and Precise Orbit Determination) is the first LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellite in orbit co-located with a dual-frequency GNSS (GPS/BD) receiver, an SLR reflector, and a VLBI X/S dual band beacon. From the overlap statistics between consecutive solution arcs and the independent validation by SLR measurements, the orbit position deviation was below 10?cm before the on-board GNSS receiver got partially operational. In this paper, the focus is on the VLBI observations to the LEO satellite from multiple geodetic VLBI radio telescopes, since this is the first implementation of a dedicated VLBI transmitter in low Earth orbit. The practical problems of tracking a fast moving spacecraft with current VLBI ground infrastructure were solved and strong interferometric fringes were obtained by cross-correlation of APOD carrier and DOR (Differential One-way Ranging) signals. The precision in X-band time delay derived from 0.1?s integration time of the correlator output is on the level of 0.1?ns. The APOD observations demonstrate encouraging prospects of co-location of multiple space geodetic techniques in space, as a first prototype.     

Space object material identification method of hyperspectral imaging based on Tucker decomposition

Space object material identification method based on Tucker decomposition is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Space target generally has a low spatial resolution because of the limitation in detection distance. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology can capture the image from visible light to shortwave infrared continuously while providing the spatial and spectral information of the target, thereby introducing a new space target detection and identification approach. However, the data obtained by the HSI system often contain mixed pixels, thereby causing difficulties in target material identification. In this work, a material identification method of hyperspectral data based on Tucker decomposition is proposed by combining mixed spectral theory with tensor decomposition. The feasibility of the method is verified by using satellite model hyperspectral data with different spatial resolutions compared with the endmember obtained from the non-negative matrix decomposition (NMF), independent component analysis (ICA), tensor singular value decomposition (t-SVD). The average CORR of NMF, ICA, t-SVD and the proposed method is 0.2694, 0.5818, 0.6397 and 0.937, correspondingly. Therefore, the proposed method has demonstrated a more remarkable performance in terms of material identification, the analysis results of the material abundance distribution that used the proposed method.     

几种金属材料在2.6～7km/s弹丸撞击下的损伤行为

研究了ＬＹ１２、ＬＦ６、ＴＡ６、３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＡ四种靶材在２．６￣７ｋｍ／ｓＧＣｒ１５高速弹丸碰撞下的损伤行为。结果表明，弹坑深度和直径一般随弹丸速度ｖ０的增大而增大，但在４ｋｍ／ｓ〈ｖ０〈５ｋｍ／ｓ碰撞速度范围内，弹坑深度和直径随ｖ０的增大而减小。对于所研究的弹靶材料的组合，在ｖ０≈５ｋｍ／ｓ时，弹丸侵长驱支材的能力都下降到最小。在量纲理论分析基础上，应用最小二乘法处理试验数据得到２．６ｋｍ／