组织类型对钛合金损伤容限性能的影响及电镜原位观察

采用扫描电镜(SEM)原位拉伸、原位疲劳方法研究TA15钛合金三种类型组织的裂纹尖端形状和疲劳裂纹扩展速率及扩展过程,并与宏观力学性能对比.结果表明,片状组织由于裂尖钝化、裂纹扩展路径曲折及分枝,损伤容限性能比等轴、双态组织好,即断裂韧性最高,疲劳裂纹扩展速率最低.     

表面活性剂对煤沥青浸渍性能的影响

研究了表面活性剂对煤沥青浸渍性能的影响.实验结果表明:加入少量的表面活性剂后,煤沥青的软化点、粘度等流变性能都得到较大幅度的改善,而残炭率影响不大.对表面活性剂改性煤沥青的机理进行了比较深入地探讨.     

含内热源球壳的复合传热特性及其表面温度均匀性研究

应用计算流体动力学方法,对带内热源的空腔球壳所涉及的含导热、自然对流和辐射换热的耦合传热问题进行了数值建模,得到了球壳空腔内、外侧流体的温度场、速度场。在数值模拟基础上,提出并试验验证了能有效提高球壳外表面温度均匀性的电加热绳方案。     

作战飞机对地攻击效能研究分析

根据现代空地作战过程所体现的动态性,提出了作战飞机对地攻击效能评估的方法.以ADC法为基础,结合指数法、层次分析法,利用影响对地攻击的指标量,对对地攻击过程进行了建模与分析.在建模过程中,充分考虑了影响效能的因素,把指标分层并建立系统评估的框架模型.对基于模糊数学综合评判和层次分析方法理论作了有效结合,最后通过算例分析,证明该方法的有效性.     

翼身融合运输机分布式电推进系统设计及油耗评估

针对翼身融合运输机开展了分布式电推进系统的总体设计与油耗评估。通过数值计算完成了70t载质量翼身融合飞机的气动设计与优化。在巡航马赫数为0.80和10km高度的设计点,最大升阻比达到了24。通过求解积分边界层方程组,完成了电推进系统的总体设计。电推进系统包含10个推进风扇,风扇直径为1.45m,压比为1.35,巡航功率为2.94MW。建立了考虑燃烧过程的发动机一维性能模型,对发动机油耗进行了评估,获得了不同发动机循环参数下燃油消耗。建模结果表明,基于翼身融合布局和分布式电推进技术,可使运输机的油耗较C-17节省近50%。      

煤油液滴高压蒸发特性

采用真实流体模型描述高压下流体热物理性质的非理想性,并采用状态方程（EoS）法计算多组分高压气-液相平衡及环境气体溶解性,在此基础上建立包含亚临界和超临界两种不同机制的瞬态液滴高压蒸发模型。针对中国新一代高压补燃液氧/煤油发动机,详细研究了煤油液滴在超临界环境下的高压蒸发特性及各因素影响机理。结果表明：高压环境会显著加快液滴温升速率,但弱超临界环境下仍然为相平衡控制的亚临界蒸发状态;只有强超临界环境下才较容易发生扩散控制的超临界蒸发状态。在高压、高温环境下,忽略气相溶解性将导致液滴蒸发速率明显偏小。针对弱超临界环境,温度升高会使液滴蒸发速率单调增加;压力升高则在低温下降低蒸发速率,而在高温下加快蒸发速率。针对强超临界环境,温度升高只提升初始亚临界蒸发阶段的蒸发速率,而超临界蒸发阶段的蒸发速率与环境温度无关;压力升高则同样会提升初始亚临界蒸发阶段的蒸发速率,但会降低超临界蒸发阶段的蒸发速率,此时的总蒸发寿命随压力升高小幅下降。     

Assessment on critical technologies for conceptual design of blended-wing-body civil aircraft

Civil aviation faces great challenges because of its robust projected future growth and potential adverse environmental effects. The classical Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration following the Cayley's design principles has been optimized to the architecture's limit, which can hardly satisfy the further requirements on green aviation. By past decades' investigations the BlendedWing-Body(BWB) concept has emerged as a potential solution, which can simultaneously fulfill metrics of noise, emission and fuel burn. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the developments of critical technologies for BWB conceptual design from a historical perspective of technology progress. It was found that the high aerodynamic efficiency of BWB aircraft can be well scaled by the mean aerodynamic chord and wetted aspect ratio, and should be realized with the trade-offs among stability and control and low-speed performance. The structure concepts of non-cylinder pressurized cabin are of high risks on weight prediction and weight penalty. A static stability criterion is recommended and further clear and adequate criteria are required by the evaluations of flying and handling qualities. The difficulties of propulsion and airframe integration are analyzed. The energy to revenue work ratios of well-developed BWB configurations are compared,which are 31.5% and 40% better than that of TAW, using state-of-art engine technology and future engine technology, respectively. Finally, further study aspects are advocated.     

Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical RP-3 in inclined pipe

Numerical simulations of flow and heat transfer to supercritical RP-3 through the inclined tubes have been performed using LS k–e model embedded in Fluent. The physical properties of RP-3 were obtained using the generalized corresponding state laws based on the fourcomponent surrogate model. Mass flow rate is 0.3 g/s, system pressure is 3 MPa, inlet temperature is 373 K. Inclination of the inclined pipe varied from -90° to 90°, with heat flux varied from 300 k W/m~2 to 400 kW/m~2. Comparison between the calculated result and the experimental data indicates the range of error reasonable. The results of ±45° show that temperature inhomogeneity in inclined pipe produce the secondary flow in its cross section due to the buoyancy force. Depending on the strength of the temperature inhomogeneity, there will be two different forms of secondary flow and both contribute to the convective heat transfer in the pipe. The secondary flow intensity decreases when the inhomogeneity alleviates and thermal acceleration will play a leading role. It will have a greater impact on the turbulent flow to affect the convective heat transfer in the pipe. When changing the inclination, it affects the magnitude of the buoyant component in flow direction. The angle increases, the buoyancy component decreases. And the peak temperature of wall dominated by the secondary flow will move forward and increase in height.     

涡桨飞机螺旋桨滑流气动干扰效应及流动机理

螺旋桨滑流对飞机各气动部件的干扰是涡桨飞机气动设计中面临的难点之一。以某双发涡桨支线客机为对象,采用数值模拟手段分析了滑流对机翼、平尾、垂尾的影响及其流动机理。计算采用基于动态面搭接网格技术的非定常方法,气动力与表面压力分布的计算结果均与实验值吻合良好。研究结果表明：在滑流影响下,全机升力和阻力有所增加,升阻比和纵向静稳定度有所降低,并在无侧滑状态下产生了滚转力矩和偏航力矩;在不同展向位置,滑流对机翼表面流动分离的影响存在显著的差异。在螺旋桨下行运动一侧,滑流的旋转减小了当地迎角,同时桨后气流速度较高,翼面流动分离被有效抑制。在螺旋桨上行运动一侧,滑流的旋转增大了当地迎角,而且桨后气流速度较低,因而翼面流动分离并未得到明显改善;在中小迎角下,滑流对背景飞机平尾当地的动压没有产生影响,但增加了下洗角变化率,进而导致平尾效率降低;垂尾的侧力与偏航力矩是由滑流的侧洗引起的,而滑流的侧洗又与左右两侧机翼升力分布的不对称性有关。     

光电自准直经纬仪水平角测量误差分析

针对光电自准直经纬仪的水平角测量原理和系统组成特点,全面分析了影响其水平角测量精度的各项误差分量,并对各种误差因素进行了定量计算,对系统误差提出补偿方法。通过分析和补偿,可将光电准直经纬仪水平角测量精度提高到0.5″,满足Ⅰ等电子经纬仪的测量精度指标。