基于滑模控制的四旋翼无人机自适应跟踪控制

针对四旋翼无人机在系统内部模型参数不确定性情况下的轨迹跟踪问题,提出了一种基于滑模控制的四旋翼无人机自适应跟踪控制方法。首先,采用单位四元数来描述系统姿态,将系统分解为位置子系统和姿态子系统;考虑到位置子系统的欠驱动特性,引入了虚拟控制力,跟踪位置信息并解算出实际升力和理想姿态;其次,通过自适应滑模控制器补偿了质量和转动惯量的不确定性,实现了轨迹的跟踪;最后,利用Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明了算法的有效性。     

昆明上空电离层D区电子密度季节变化的首次观测分析

通过分析2008年8月至2009年7月昆明站(25.6°N, 103.8°E) 中频(MF)雷达观测数据, 研究了太阳活动低年电离层D区电子密度的季节变化特性,发现D区电子密度主要呈现半年变化特征, 即在春秋季电子密度较大, 而在夏冬季则较小, 这与国际参考电离层(IRI)预测的年变化趋势不一致, 但与昆明站电离层测高仪的最低回波频率f_min的观测结果相符. 同时比较了D区电子密度半年变化与纬向风半年变化的关系, 发现二者之间保持了非常一致的变化趋势并对这种一致性的内在原因进行了分析.     

压燃式航空活塞发动机转矩与空燃比的控制

通过对压燃式航空活塞发动机的空燃比进行需求分析,采用发动机转矩需求的逆向倒推法,从螺旋桨的转矩需求倒推至发动机总转矩需求,建立转矩需求的主控通道和前导通道的控制模式,前导通道是利用微分控制的超前特性,加快转矩控制的动态响应能力.由相关转矩需求和进气量估算模块计算后,建立了最优空燃比控制的计算方程,实时计算得到对应的每循...     

VLBI observations to the APOD satellite

The APOD (Atmospheric density detection and Precise Orbit Determination) is the first LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellite in orbit co-located with a dual-frequency GNSS (GPS/BD) receiver, an SLR reflector, and a VLBI X/S dual band beacon. From the overlap statistics between consecutive solution arcs and the independent validation by SLR measurements, the orbit position deviation was below 10?cm before the on-board GNSS receiver got partially operational. In this paper, the focus is on the VLBI observations to the LEO satellite from multiple geodetic VLBI radio telescopes, since this is the first implementation of a dedicated VLBI transmitter in low Earth orbit. The practical problems of tracking a fast moving spacecraft with current VLBI ground infrastructure were solved and strong interferometric fringes were obtained by cross-correlation of APOD carrier and DOR (Differential One-way Ranging) signals. The precision in X-band time delay derived from 0.1?s integration time of the correlator output is on the level of 0.1?ns. The APOD observations demonstrate encouraging prospects of co-location of multiple space geodetic techniques in space, as a first prototype.     

基于贝叶斯网络的故障诊断系统性能评价

故障诊断系统的性能评价是开发和验收故障诊断系统不可或缺的重要环节.针对基于贝叶斯网络(BN)故障诊断系统的性能评价需要,考虑系统诊断结果真实分布,提出采用二项分布参数估计方法来计算诊断准确度的置信区间,采用准确度期望值及其置信区间全面客观评价诊断模型的性能,形成贝叶斯网络模型诊断能力的量化评价指标,为诊断结果的可接受、可信程度以及诊断模型的训练充分性提供参考依据.最后通过燃油系统故障诊断实例验证所述性能评价的有效性.      

图模型与学习算法结合的贝叶斯网络自动建模

针对纯数据驱动的贝叶斯网络结构学习算法的准确度和效率较低的问题,提出了一种融合多信号流图模型与K2学习算法的贝叶斯网络自动建模方法。该方法利用多信号流图模型能够描述信号之间传递与依赖关系的能力,结合K2学习算法在结构学习中的优势,实现了专家知识与数据驱动方法有效融合的贝叶斯网络结构自动学习算法。通过与常用网络结构学习算法的对比实验证明,该融合算法显著降低了结构学习对学习范围和训练数据规模的要求,具有更高的学习准确度和运算效率。采用真实系统实例阐述了该融合算法的应用过程,验证了算法的实用性。      

未来空间技术发展展望

经过近50年的发展,我国空间技术取得了举世瞩目的成就,在新的历史时期,世界航天将跨入一个新的发展高潮,我国经济社会的发展对航天事业提出了更高的要求。文章提出了我国未来航天器发展体系,介绍了未来5年我国空间技术发展的重点任务,分析了专业技术发展方向,提出了创新发展的对策建议。     

面向快速泄压环境模拟的瞬间泄压机构设计

为开展机舱失压环境效应研究,针对大口径泄压通道,设计一种新型的机械式瞬间泄压装置,并进行相关机构运动学、动力学建模研究。该泄压装置主要由弹簧储能机构、连杆式舱门压紧机构、基于SEA（Series Elastic Actuator）的舱门锁紧/释放机构和基于惯性飞轮的电磁式缓冲机构组成,具有操控简单、可靠性高、可重复使用、试验效率高的特点。最终设计的瞬间泄压机构面向DN750泄压通道,舱门从0°开启到90°用时约280 ms。本研究将为今后研发面向大口径泄压通道的瞬间泄压机构,并应用于大型快速泄压环境效应试验装置建设提供参考。     

火星全球导航卫星系统

讨论了建立类地行星全球导航定位系统的意义,并对火星全球导航卫星系统星座的布构型进行了初步分析设计.对不同导航星座的覆盖特性与导航定位性能进行了评估,给出了最佳星座设计,它可以作为将来建立火星导航卫星系统的星座设计参考.     

Remaining useful life prediction for engineering systems under dynamic operational conditions: A semi-Markov decision process-based approach

For critical engineering systems such as aircraft and aerospace vehicles, accurate Remaining Useful Life(RUL) prediction not only means cost saving, but more importantly, is of great significance in ensuring system reliability and preventing disaster. RUL is affected not only by a system's intrinsic deterioration, but also by the operational conditions under which the system is operating. This paper proposes an RUL prediction approach to estimate the mean RUL of a continuously degrading system under dynamic operational conditions and subjected to condition monitoring at short equi-distant intervals. The dynamic nature of the operational conditions is described by a discrete-time Markov chain, and their influences on the degradation signal are quantified by degradation rates and signal jumps in the degradation model. The uniqueness of our proposed approach is formulating the RUL prediction problem in a semi-Markov decision process framework, by which the system mean RUL can be obtained through the solution to a limited number of equations. To extend the use of our proposed approach in real applications, different failure standards according to different operational conditions are also considered. The application and effectiveness of this approach are illustrated by a turbofan engine dataset and a comparison with existing results for the same dataset.