A survey of the outer planets Jupiter,Saturn, Uranus,Neptune, Pluto,and their satellites

A survey of current knowledge about Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and their satellites is presented. The best available numerical values are given for physical parameters, including orbital and body properties, atmospheric composition and structure, and photometric parameters. The more acceptable current theories of these bodies are outlined with thorough referencing offering access to the details. The survey attempts to cover the literature through May 1, 1972. Prepared Under Contract No. NAS7-100 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.     

Sampled-Data Control System Analysis Using the Poisson Summation Rule

A technique is presented which simplifies the analysis of sampled-data control systems. The use of a finite-term approximation to the Poisson summation rule, in conjunction with digital computer evaluation, is presented as a good alternative to use of the Z transform whenever frequency-domain analysis is required. The Poisson summation rule is reviewed and its application to sampled-data system analysis is discussed. The form of the computer program used in the analysis is presented, along with a design criterion to evaluate the accuracy of the technique. A detailed example of a typical application is presented.     

The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO)

The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), a fully approved and funded project of ESA, will operate at wavelengths from 3–200 microns. The satellite essentially consists of a large cryostat containing about 2300 litres of superfluid helium to maintain the telescope (primary mirror diameter of 60 cm) and the scientific instruments at temperatures between 2K and 8K. A pointing accuracy of a few arc seconds is provided by a three-axis-stabilisation system. ISO's instrument complement consists of four instruments, namely: an imaging photo-polarimeter (3–200 microns), a camera (3–17 microns), a short wavelength spectrometer (3–45 microns) and a long wavelength spectrometer (45–180 microns). ISO's scheduled launch date is May 1993 and it will be operational for at least 18 months. In keeping with ISO's role as an observatory, two-thirds of its observing time will be made available to the general astronomical community via several Calls for Observing Proposals.     

Attitude and Oribit Estimation Using Stars and Landmarks

An extended Kalman filter is used to process line-of-sight measurements to stars and known landmarks providing a statistical indication of performance in estimating spacecraft attitude, orbital ephemeris, and the bias drift of a set of three strapdown gyros. The landmark measurements were assumed to have been taken from the imagery of an Earth-observing multispectral scanner. It is shown that filtering of these noisy measurements results in highly accurate estimates of the above parameters. Results are given showing the sensitivity of performance to various system parameters such as star tracker accuracy, errors in the knowledge of landmark position, and number of stars and landmarks processed.     

Safety Analysis of Helicopter Autorotation Landing Execution on Conditions of Providing Skid Landing Gear Static Strength

The requirements for skid landing gear static strength ensuring are examined based on the comparative analysis of the Airworthiness Standards requirements. Probabilistic principle of determining the safety factor of the skid landing gear is presented. The analysis of the experimental data on bench and flight tests is performed for calculating the actual value of this factor.     

Introduction

Space Science Reviews -     

The Freja wave and plasma density experiment

The Wave Experiment, F4, on the Swedish/German satelliteFreja, is designed to measure the electric wave fields up to 4 MHz, the magnetic wave fields up to 16 kHz and the plasma density and its relative variations up to 2 kHz. Six wave signals and four density probe signals can be measured simultaneously. The wave forms of all signals are transmitted to ground without any analysis onboard. The limited TM allocation does not allow continuous sampling of the wave signals, so normally the measurements are made in snapshots of various lengths dependent on sampling frequency, etc. Continuous sampling can be made for shorter time periods by using a 6 Mbyte memory as a buffer.     

多孔复合微结构的制备与减反射性能

主要研究了多孔-金字塔和多层多孔-金字塔两种多孔复合微结构的减反射性能。多孔-金字塔是将带有金字塔结构的单晶硅片置于HF/Fe(NO3)3溶液中二次化学腐蚀得到的,而多层多孔-金字塔复合微结构是将带有金字塔结构的单晶硅片置于HF/CH3CH2OH溶液中二次电化学腐蚀得到的。用扫面电镜和UV-vis-NIR分光光度计分别分析了这两种复合结构的表面形貌和反射率。结果表明,在400~800 nm波长范围内,多孔-金字塔和多层多孔-金字塔复合微结构的平均反射率分别为5%和2.1%。多孔-金字塔微结构表面的孔洞较大,表面的金字塔有少量的塌陷,但多层多孔-金字塔微结构表面的孔洞细小且覆盖均匀,表面的金字塔基本上保持完好。通过比较,电化学方法制备的多层多孔-金字塔复合微结构的减反射效果要优于采用化学腐蚀制备的多孔-金字塔复合微结构的减反射效果。     

一种基于不对称再入体的制导与控制方法研究

研究一种不对称再入体的再入机动控制方法.不对称再入体气动外形简单,它的升力大小一般不可控,但可通过滚动控制调整升力的方向实现机动飞行.为实现不对称再入体的精确制导,本文研究了一种滚速可调的“滚转制导律”,通过调整制导系数,可以兼顾再入体滚动角速度和落点精度的要求;设计了不对称再人体滚动通道的喷流控制方案,给出了滚动姿态...