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311.
J. L. Linsky 《Space Science Reviews》2007,130(1-4):367-375
Analysis of UV spectra obtained with the HST, FUSE and other satellites provides a new understanding of the deuterium abundance
in the local region of the galactic disk. The wide range of gas-phase D/H measurements obtained outside of the Local Bubble
can now be explained as due to different amounts of deuterium depletion on carbonaceous grains. The total D/H ratio including
deuterium in the gas and dust phases is at least 23 parts per million of hydrogen, which is providing a challenge to models
of galactic chemical evolution. Analysis of HST and ground-based spectra of many lines of sight to stars within the Local
Bubble have identified interstellar velocity components that are consistent with more than 15 velocity vectors. We have identified
the structures of 15 nearby warm interstellar clouds on the basis of these velocity vectors and common temperatures and depletions.
We estimate the distances and masses of these clouds and compare their locations with cold interstellar clouds. 相似文献
312.
L. Colangeli J. J. Lopez-Moreno P. Palumbo J. Rodriguez M. Cosi V. Della Corte F. Esposito M. Fulle M. Herranz J. M. Jeronimo A. Lopez-Jimenez E. Mazzotta Epifani R. Morales F. Moreno E. Palomba A. Rotundi 《Space Science Reviews》2007,128(1-4):803-821
The Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator (GIADA) onboard the ROSETTA mission to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko is devoted
to study the cometary dust environment. Thanks to the rendezvous configuration of the mission, GIADA will be plunged in the
dust environment of the coma and will be able to explore dust flux evolution and grain dynamic properties with position and
time. This will represent a unique opportunity to perform measurements on key parameters that no ground-based observation
or fly-by mission is able to obtain and that no tail or coma model elaborated so far has been able to properly simulate. The
coma and nucleus properties shall be, then, clarified with consequent improvement of models describing inner and outer coma
evolution, but also of models about nucleus emission during different phases of its evolution. GIADA shall be capable to measure
mass/size of single particles larger than about 15 μm together with momentum in the range 6.5 × 10−10 ÷ 4.0 × 10−4 kg m s−1 for velocities up to about 300 m s−1. For micron/submicron particles the cumulative mass shall be detected with sensitivity 10−10 g. These performances are suitable to provide a statistically relevant set of data about dust physical and dynamic properties
in the dust environment expected for the target comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Pre-flight measurements and post-launch checkouts
demonstrate that GIADA is behaving as expected according to the design specifications.
The International GIADA Consortium (I, E, UK, F, D, USA). 相似文献
313.
Sean C. Solomon Ralph L. McNutt Jr. Robert E. Gold Deborah L. Domingue 《Space Science Reviews》2007,131(1-4):3-39
The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft, launched on August 3, 2004, is nearing the halfway point on its voyage to become the first probe to orbit the planet Mercury. The mission, spacecraft, and payload are designed to answer six fundamental questions regarding the innermost planet: (1) What planetary formational processes led to Mercury’s high ratio of metal to silicate? (2) What is the geological history of Mercury? (3) What are the nature and origin of Mercury’s magnetic field? (4) What are the structure and state of Mercury’s core? (5) What are the radar-reflective materials at Mercury’s poles? (6) What are the important volatile species and their sources and sinks near Mercury? The mission has focused to date on commissioning the spacecraft and science payload as well as planning for flyby and orbital operations. The second Venus flyby (June 2007) will complete final rehearsals for the Mercury flyby operations in January and October 2008 and September 2009. Those flybys will provide opportunities to image the hemisphere of the planet not seen by Mariner 10, obtain high-resolution spectral observations with which to map surface mineralogy and assay the exosphere, and carry out an exploration of the magnetic field and energetic particle distribution in the near-Mercury environment. The orbital phase, beginning on March 18, 2011, is a one-year-long, near-polar-orbital observational campaign that will address all mission goals. The orbital phase will complete global imaging, yield detailed surface compositional and topographic data over the northern hemisphere, determine the geometry of Mercury’s internal magnetic field and magnetosphere, ascertain the radius and physical state of Mercury’s outer core, assess the nature of Mercury’s polar deposits, and inventory exospheric neutrals and magnetospheric charged particle species over a range of dynamic conditions. Answering the questions that have guided the MESSENGER mission will expand our understanding of the formation and evolution of the terrestrial planets as a family. 相似文献
314.
S. W. Kahler 《Space Science Reviews》2007,129(4):359-390
Electrons with near-relativistic (E≳30 keV, NrR) and relativistic (E≳0.3 MeV) energies are often observed as discrete events in the inner heliosphere following solar transient activity. Several
acceleration mechanisms have been proposed for the production of those electrons. One candidate is acceleration at MHD shocks
driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with speeds ≳1000 km s−1. Many NrR electron events are temporally associated only with flares while others are associated with flares as well as with
CMEs or with radio type II shock waves. Since CME onsets and associated flares are roughly simultaneous, distinguishing the
sources of electron events is a serious challenge. On a phenomenological basis two classes of solar electron events were known
several decades ago, but recent observations have presented a more complex picture. We review early and recent observational
results to deduce different electron event classes and their viable acceleration mechanisms, defined broadly as shocks versus
flares. The NrR and relativistic electrons are treated separately. Topics covered are: solar electron injection delays from
flare impulsive phases; comparisons of electron intensities and spectra with flares, CMEs and accompanying solar energetic
proton (SEP) events; multiple spacecraft observations; two-phase electron events; coronal flares; shock-associated (SA) events;
electron spectral invariance; and solar electron intensity size distributions. This evidence suggests that CME-driven shocks
are statistically the dominant acceleration mechanism of relativistic events, but most NrR electron events result from flares.
Determining the solar origin of a given NrR or relativistic electron event remains a difficult proposition, and suggestions
for future work are given. 相似文献
315.
采用间断有限元方法对雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程进行了数值求解,对Spalart-Allmaras单方程湍流模型进行了部分修正,使得求解器更加鲁棒。构造了分段高次多项式来逼近真实物面,同时物面附近采用多层弯曲网格来避免网格交叉,此外提出了一种快速计算积分点的曲面物面距的方法。采用混合网格对NACA0012翼型以及RAE翼型进行了数值计算,并与实验数据以及前人数据进行了对比。计算结果表明,采用物面弯曲网格结合修正的湍流模型方法在相对稀疏的网格上就能得到比较好的数值解。 相似文献
316.
317.
D. T. Young J. L. Burch R. G. Gomez A. De Los Santos G. P. Miller P. Wilson N. Paschalidis S. A. Fuselier K. Pickens E. Hertzberg C. J. Pollock J. Scherrer P. B. Wood E. T. Donald D. Aaron J. Furman D. George R. S. Gurnee R. S. Hourani A. Jacques T. Johnson T. Orr K. S. Pan S. Persyn S. Pope J. Roberts M. R. Stokes K. J. Trattner J. M. Webster 《Space Science Reviews》2016,199(1-4):407-470
318.
Magnetospheric Multiscale Overview and Science Objectives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
319.
利用定容燃烧弹和高速纹影摄像系统,研究了高温高压条件下,不同稀释气和稀释系数对氢气/氧气/稀释气混合气层流燃烧速度的影响,获得了当量比为0.6~4.0,初始压力为0.1~0.5MPa,稀释系数为4~8的氢气/氧气/稀释气混合气的层流燃烧速度,并对其进行了数值模拟。实验和模拟均发现,在当量比小于1.0和大于3.0的范围内,层流燃烧速度均随初始压力升高而降低。而在当量比为1.0~3.0范围内,层流燃烧速度随初始压力升高呈现非单调变化的规律。通过敏感性分析发现三体反应(R15)在氮气作为稀释气的时候是抑制反应,而在氩气和氦气作为稀释气时是促进反应,主要是由于各稀释气热物性不同引起的。在当量比为1.0~3.0范围内,层流燃烧速度随初始压力升高呈现的非单调变化主要是链分支反应R1和链终止反应R15相互竞争的结果。 相似文献
320.
This paper presents an analytical solution for static analysis of thick rectangular beams with different boundary conditions.Carrera's Unified Formulation (CUF) is used in order to consider shear deformation theories of arbitrary order.The novelty of the present work is that a boundary discontinuous Fourier approach is used to consider clamped boundary conditions in the analytical solution,unlike Navier-type solutions which are restricted to simply supported beams.Governing equations are obtained by employing the principle of virtual work.The numerical accuracy of results is ascertained by studying the convergence of the solution and comparing the results to those of a 3D finite element solution.Beams subjected to bending due to a uniform pressure load and subjected to torsion due to opposite linear forces are considered.Overall,accurate results close to those of 3D finite element solutions are obtained,which can be used to validate finite element results or other approximate methods. 相似文献