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961.
E. Möbius H. Kucharek G. Clark M. O’Neill L. Petersen M. Bzowski L. Saul P. Wurz S. A. Fuselier V. V. Izmodenov D. J. McComas H. R. Müller D. B. Alexashov 《Space Science Reviews》2009,146(1-4):149-172
Every year in fall and spring the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) will observe directly the interstellar gas flow at 1 AU over periods of several months. The IBEX-Lo sensor employs a powerful triple time-of-flight mass spectrometer. It can distinguish and image the O and He flow distributions in the northern fall and spring, making use of sensor viewing perpendicular to the Sun-pointing spin axis. To effectively image the narrow flow distributions IBEX-Lo has a high angular resolution quadrant in its collimator. This quadrant is employed selectively for the interstellar gas flow viewing in the spring by electrostatically shutting off the remainder of the aperture. The operational scenarios, the expected data, and the necessary modeling to extract the interstellar parameters and the conditions in the heliospheric boundary are described. The combination of two key interstellar species will facilitate a direct comparison of the pristine interstellar flow, represented by He, which has not been altered in the heliospheric boundary region, with a flow that is processed in the outer heliosheath, represented by O. The O flow distribution consists of a depleted pristine component and decelerated and heated neutrals. Extracting the latter so-called secondary component of interstellar neutrals will provide quantitative constraints for several important parameters of the heliosheath interaction in current global heliospheric models. Finding the fraction and width of the secondary component yields an independent value for the global filtration factor of species, such as O and H. Thus far filtration can only be inferred, barring observations in the local interstellar cloud proper. The direction of the secondary component will provide independent information on the interstellar magnetic field strength and orientation, which has been inferred from SOHO SWAN Ly-α backscattering observations and the two Voyager crossings of the termination shock. 相似文献
962.
The organization principles of constructing the European system of warning about dangerous situations in the outer space are
considered in the paper. 相似文献
963.
A.T. Karpachev L.Z. Biktash T. Maruyama 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2007,40(12):1852-1857
Variations in the high-latitude ionosphere structure during March 22, 1979 geomagnetic storm are examined. Electron density Ne and temperature Te from the Cosmos-900 satellite, NmF2, Ne and He+ from the ISS-b satellite, precipitation of soft electrons from the Intercosmos-19 satellite, and the global picture of the auroral electron precipitation from the DMSP, TIROS and P78 satellites are used. These multi-satellite databases allow us to investigate the storm-time variations in the locations of the following ionospheric structures: the day-time cusp, the equatorial boundary of the diffuse auroral precipitation (DPB), the main ionospheric trough (MIT), the day-time trough, the ring ionospheric trough (RIT) and the light ions trough (LIT). The variations in NmF2, Ne, He+ and Te in the high-latitude ionosphere for the different local time sectors are analyzed also. The features of the high-latitude ionospheric response to a strong magnetic storm are described. 相似文献
964.
L.I. Dorman I.V. Dorman 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
A short history of the beginning of cosmic ray (CR) astrophysics is considered: from the hypothesis on CR origin as a result of Supernova explosions in the Metagalaxy, to a model of solar origin of CR, galactic origin based on the stochastic mechanism of charged particle acceleration in interstellar space, to extragalactic and hierarchical models of CR origin, as well as galactic CR origin taking into account radio-astronomical data. We consider also the first balloon results on the chemical contents of primary CR (especially of the contents Li, Be, B), important for any model of CR origin. Investigations of the injection problem, CR drift and diffusion acceleration by shock waves, and CR generation in Supernova remnants were also important steps in the beginning of CR astrophysics. 相似文献
965.
L. S. Yanovskii V. M. Ezhov A. A. Molokanov R. M. Stepanova K. V. Sharanina A. V. Kirsanov 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2014,57(2):193-197
The results of investigating a domestic synthetic hydraulic fluid of new generation are presented. By comparing with the existing domestic and foreign analogues, we specify the main advantages and disadvantages of this hydraulic fluid. 相似文献
966.
Florence Birol Fabien Léger Marcello Passaro Anny Cazenave Fernando Niño Francisco M. Calafat Andrew Shaw Jean-François Legeais Yvan Gouzenes Christian Schwatke Jérôme Benveniste 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2021,67(8):2398-2415
In the context of the ESA Climate Change Initiative project, a new coastal sea level altimetry product has been developed in order to support advances in coastal sea level variability studies. Measurements from Jason-1,2&3 missions have been retracked with the Adaptive Leading Edge Subwaveform (ALES) Retracker and then ingested in the X-TRACK software with the best possible set of altimetry corrections. These two coastal altimetry processing approaches, previously successfully validated and applied to coastal sea level research, are combined here for the first time in order to derive a 16-year-long (June 2002 to May 2018), high-resolution (20-Hz), along-track sea level dataset in six regions: Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, West Africa, North Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia and Australia. The study demonstrates that this new coastal sea level product called X-TRACK/ALES is able to extend the spatial coverage of sea level altimetry data ~3.5 km in the land direction, when compared to the X-TRACK 1-Hz dataset. We also observe a large improvement in coastal sea level data availability from Jason-1 to Jason-3, with data at 3.6 km, 1.9 km and 0.9 km to the coast on average, for Jason-1, Jason-2 and Jason-3, respectively. When combining measurements from Jason-1 to Jason-3, we reach a distance of 1.2–4 km to the coast. When compared to tide gauge data, the accuracy of the new altimetry near-shore sea level estimations also improves. In terms of correlations with a large set of independent tide gauge observations selected in the six regions, we obtain an average value of 0.77. We also show that it is now possible to derive from the X-TRACK/ALES product an estimation of the ocean current variability up to 5 km to the coast. This new altimetry dataset, freely available, will provide a valuable contribution of altimetry in coastal marine research community. 相似文献
967.
Khokhlachev A. A. Riazantseva M. O. Rakhmanova L. S. Yermolaev Yu. I. Lodkina I. G. 《Cosmic Research》2021,59(6):415-426
Cosmic Research - We investigated variations on scales of 104–105 km and local spatial inhomogeneities in the density of protons Np, doubly ionized helium ions (α-particles) Nα, and... 相似文献
968.
969.
970.
V. V. Zharkova K. Arzner A. O. Benz P. Browning C. Dauphin A. G. Emslie L. Fletcher E. P. Kontar G. Mann M. Onofri V. Petrosian R. Turkmani N. Vilmer L. Vlahos 《Space Science Reviews》2011,159(1-4):357-420
We review basic theoretical concepts in particle acceleration, with particular emphasis on processes likely to occur in regions of magnetic reconnection. Several new developments are discussed, including detailed studies of reconnection in three-dimensional magnetic field configurations (e.g., current sheets, collapsing traps, separatrix regions) and stochastic acceleration in a turbulent environment. Fluid, test-particle, and particle-in-cell approaches are used and results compared. While these studies show considerable promise in accounting for the various observational manifestations of solar flares, they are limited by a number of factors, mostly relating to available computational power. Not the least of these issues is the need to explicitly incorporate the electrodynamic feedback of the accelerated particles themselves on the environment in which they are accelerated. A brief prognosis for future advancement is offered. 相似文献