The Martian stratigraphy — Short review and perspectives

The main aspects of the Martian stratigraphy have been determined from the detailed study of Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiter images. Three major stratigraphic systems, the Noachian System, the Hesperian System, and the Amazonian System, are inferred from these studies. The global geological evolution of Mars is essentially derived from its stratigraphy. It reveals that tectonism and volcanism were widespread during two major periods (Noachian and Lower Hesperian) and became more localized during the Upper Hesperian and Amazonian periods. The transition between these two major periods occurred about 2 Ga ago, and significant geologic activity could still be present. However, a number of geologic features and processes remain little understood. Future investigations, including complete high resolution imaging and detailed mapping, geochemical mapping, in situ chemical analyses, etc., will be necessary in order to improve our knowledge of the Martian stratigraphy and geologic evolution and are essential to prepare any future Mars Sample Return mission and the Human Exploration of this planet.     

Electrical Effects on Atmospheric Chemistry

Electrical discharges in planetary atmospheres, and lightning in particular, can cause otherwise unexpected—but highly important—chemical species to be present. The synthesis of oxidants on Mars, nitrates on Earth and Early Mars, and of organic matter elsewhere can be driven by lightning and related electrical phenomena.     

利用前缘旋转控制边条翼外翼分离

边条翼在边条较小时中等迎角以上外翼就会出现分离,现提出用转动前缘表面来控制边条翼外翼分离。通过测力、油流和烟丝实验研究了转动前缘对机翼气动特性的影响。结果表明,在这种机翼上转动前缘对控制分离是有效的,升力增量最大可达３０％。可以预期,转动前缘与边条的综合作用,机翼的分离特性将有较大的改善     

俯仰三角翼的流态及结构

本文对俯仰三角翼的流动特性进行了实验研究,给出了俯仰三角翼的截面流态特点,对三角翼俯仰运动的流动机理进行了分析.     

二次气射流角对涡轮叶问燃烧室的影响研究

为研究二次气射流角对涡轮叶间燃烧室的影响,设计了3种带有不同二次气射流角的涡轮叶间燃烧室模型,利用FLUENT软件的Realizablek-8湍流模型、PDF燃烧模型、D0辐射模型和离散相模型对燃烧室的流动和燃烧进行数值模拟。结果表明：涡轮叶间燃烧室具有高效率（99.2％）的特点,增大二次气射流角可使切向动量分量增加、油滴蒸发变慢、出口温度场分布不均匀、总压损失增加。     

Ionospheric Irregularities Initiated by Planetary Waves

The nonstationary process of the accumulation of ions of meteoric origin, which is caused by propagation of planetary waves at altitudes of the lower ionosphere, is considered. Based on horizontal and vertical ion drift in planetary waves, a possibility of plasma density increases by a factor of 10–20 in comparison with the background concentration is demonstrated. This process takes place in areas of cyclonic motion with a scale of the order of 1500 km. The connection of this process with subsequent formation of midlatitude sporadic layers and irregularities producing radio reflections is considered. It is shown that the action of planetary waves on ions of meteoric origin is a necessary element in the scheme of the occurrence of midlatitude sporadic layers.