Space motion sickness preflight adaptation training: preliminary studies with prototype trainers

Preflight training frequently has been proposed as a potential solution to the problem of space motion sickness. The paper considers successively the otolith reinterpretation, the concept for a preflight adaptation trainer and the research with the Miami University Seesaw, the Wright Patterson Air-Force Base Dynamic Environment Simulator and the Visually Coupled Airborne Systems Simulator prototype adaptation trainers.     

复合固体推进剂浇入发动机时的流变学

浇铸时未固化的复合固体推进剂的流动特性是十分重要的,因为它直接关系到发动机装药的完整性。增加推进剂的固体含量,可以提高能量特性,却导致药浆的流动性变坏。固体含量高的推进剂呈现非牛顿假塑性流动特性,即表观粘度依赖于剪切应力,以及随着未固化推进剂存放时间的增长,假塑性也增加。本文介绍了在 NASA 主办下进行浇铸研究的一些情况。对浇铸过程中剪切应力的三个明显不同区域和每一区域中推进剂的流动特性,进行了讨论。叙述了推进剂组分和工艺条件的变化对表观粘度的影响和浇铸过程中形成药柱缺陷的有关流变性能的实验结果。     

基于PLC控制的液压试验台电气设计

多功能液压附件试验台是用于多种液压元件性能测试的多功能设备，为了实现其电气控制：针对多功能液压附件试验台控制要求，设计了以液压数字比例阀为核心元件、以富士PLC为控制器、采用模块化结构的配套电控系统，并进行PLC控制程序设计，建立起电气控制系统，得到了可靠方便的运行结果。     

缝隙目标电磁散射特性试验

 通过对目标结构进行合理设计,可以在一定角域内显著减小雷达散射截面(RCS)。对飞行器表面常见锯齿缝隙的散射特性进行了研究。在微波暗室内对锯齿缝隙分别沿俯仰角变化、方位角变化的减缩效果进行测试。俯仰角变化时,锯齿缝隙有较好的减缩作用,以114°锯齿缝隙在试验中减缩效果最好。方位角变化时,对114°锯齿缝隙进行了多频段测试,并与相应直缝隙进行了对比研究,结果表明,通过选取合适的方位角角域,锯齿缝隙的减缩作用会随入射波频率的升高和仰角的增大而显著增强。结论可为高性能隐身飞行器外形隐身设计提供参考。     

基于北斗GEO卫星双频观测值连续监测电离层延迟

利用北斗GEO卫星观测数据直接计算电离层延迟。由于GEO卫星具有固定穿刺点和静地的特性,使得观测站监测电离层变化时可不考虑空间变化,并可进行连续不间断监测。通过分析北斗GEO卫星三种频率码伪距和载波相位观测值不同组合,选取B1&B2双频计算电离层延迟为最优组合,采用相位平滑伪距的方法计算电离层延迟TEC,相较其他电离层模型,该方法的优点是不会引入模型误差,可得到连续的高精度的电离层延迟监测结果。     

搬运机械手的PLC控制

可编程控制器是在继电接触控制的基础上，结合先进的微机技术发展起来的一种新型的工业控制机，它发展迅速，应用广泛，特别适合于顺序控制，是机械自动化中一种基础的控制设备，它将填补继电接触控制与微机数控之间的一大块空白，章以搬运机械手的PLC控制为例，介绍了PLC在机械设备中的应用情况。     

空时自适应处理（STAP）概述

简要概述了空时自适应处理（STAP）技术在雷达中的应用情况。阐述了空时信号的多样性和包括降维与降秩STAP方法在内的各种自适应处理机。阐明了地杂渡和噪声干扰的空时特征和关键STAP性能指标。对当前的一些STAP课题进行了指导性总结：空基雷达、双基地STAP、知识辅助型STAP、多通道合成孔径雷达和非旁视阵列结构等。     

IC卡在公交系统中的应用研究

利用ＩＣ卡技术实现公交系统的智能化管理，具有重要意义。详述了非接触式ＩＣ卡的技术特点及其应用在公交系统中需要考虑的一系列问题，并认为未来的发展趋势是非接触式ＣＰＵ 卡，根据实际的开发经验和体会，提出开发拥有自己的知识产权的ＩＣ卡产品的重要性。     

Application of the mechanical oscillator technique to the investigation of EVA decompression

The ultrasonic bubble detection technique has been used as a versatile tool in the investigation of hypobaric decompression procedures for the last two decades. However, this method can only detect relatively large bubbles > 30-50 micrometers (usually in venous blood) and not the very first stages of bubble formation. Recently, the mechanical oscillator technique has been applied in air diving trials in order to detect small blood density changes due to hypothetical fluid shifts. However, sharp density drops were found in the decompression process, and these have been attributed to gas bubble formation. In this study, this method was applied together with Doppler controls to a series of altitude decompressions to 300 and 500 hPa, which represents the range of EVA operational pressures currently used or planned. Six subjects participated in both series; the oscillator sample tube could be pressurized. By the application of pressure on a blood sample containing questionable gas bubbles, these are reduced in volume, like in recompression therapy, and thus the density of the sample is increased. This effect has been shown in all 6 subjects undergoing decompression to 300 hPa, whereas in the 500 hPa series only 3 out of 6 subjects corresponded with gas phase formation immediately after decompression. Typically, Doppler bubbles appeared only after some latency time between 20 and 60 min; after this time, the density effect had nearly vanished. It is concluded that the mechanical oscillator technique represents a complementary research instrument to the Doppler method, because it is able to deliver a quantitative resolution of the early stage of gas phase formation.