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991.
V. A. Gladyshev A. Yu. Shchekotov N. V. Yagova J. -J. Berthelier M. Parrot O. S. Akent’eva L. N. Baranskii E. N. Fedorov T. M. Mulyarchik O. A. Molchanov 《Cosmic Research》2012,50(2):103-115
Variations in concentration of ions H+, He+, and O+ are studied at a height of about 700 km using the data of continuous observations onboard the DEMETER satellite at the decline and in the minimum of solar activity from 2004 to 2008. Latitudinal distributions, seasonal behavior,
and irregular variations in ion concentrations and their dependence on solar and geomagnetic activity are considered. Within
this altitude range, for the first time an analysis is performed of the dataset of many-year continuous observations in both
hemispheres from the equatorial to subauroral latitudes. This made it possible to describe the seasonal and irregular variations
of the concentrations of main ion species with better time and spatial resolution than in the available empirical models.
The dependence of concentrations of three types of ions on solar and geomagnetic activity is studied at time scales from several
days to several years, and it is shown that the anti-phase change in concentrations of O+ and light ions known from publications is partly a result of mutual dependence of solar and geomagnetic activity and is observed
only at time scales beginning from several months. At time scales from several days to several weeks, variations in the concentration
of O+ and light ions are governed mainly by solar and geomagnetic activity, respectively. 相似文献
992.
993.
Avionics Systems Validation Test Environments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
994.
Sampigethaya K. Poovendran R. Bushnell L. Li M. Robinson R. Lintelman O. 《Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, IEEE》2009,24(7):14-20
The introduction of wireless communication capabilities supporting transfer of sensor data and information on-board commercial airplanes as well as between airplanes and supporting ground systems has the potential to significantly improve the safety and efficiency of air travel. The benefits, however, come at the cost of information security vulnerabilities introduced by data networks. Regulatory institutions, including the FAA, are aware that security requirements for network-enabled airplanes must be fully identified. Therefore, this focuses on wireless airplane health monitoring and management, and contributes a security framework to identify threats and system requirements to mitigate these threats. We also present challenges and open problems in enabling secure use of wireless sensor networks for health monitoring and control of commercial airplanes. 相似文献
995.
An Application of Evidential Networks to Threat Assessment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Benavoli A. Ristic B. Farina A. Oxenham M. Chisci L. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2009,45(2):620-639
Decision makers operating in modern defence theatres need to comprehend and reason with huge quantities of potentially uncertain and imprecise data in a timely fashion. An automatic information fusion system is developed which aims at supporting a commander's decision making by providing a threat assessment, that is an estimate of the extent to which an enemy platform poses a threat based on evidence about its intent and capability. Threat is modelled by a network of entities and relationships between them, while the uncertainties in the relationships are represented by belief functions as defined in the theory of evidence. To support the implementation of the threat assessment functionality, an efficient valuation-based reasoning scheme, referred to as an evidential network, is developed. To reduce computational overheads, the scheme performs local computations in the network by applying an inward propagation algorithm to the underlying binary join tree. This allows the dynamic nature of the external evidence, which drives the evidential network, to be taken into account by recomputing only the affected paths in the binary join tree. 相似文献
996.
S. Satish S. Selva Raju T.S. Nanjunda Swamy P.L. Kulkarni 《Acta Astronautica》2009,65(9-10):1424-1428
In a little over four decades, the Indian Space Program has carved a niche for itself with the unique application driven program oriented towards National development. The end-to-end capability approach of the space projects in the country call for innovative practices and procedures in assuring the quality and reliability of space systems. The System Reliability (SR) efforts initiated at the start of the projects continue during the entire life cycle of the project encompassing design, development, realisation, assembly, testing and integration and during launch. Even after the launch, SR groups participate in the on-orbit evaluation of transponders in communication satellites and camera systems in remote sensing satellites. SR groups play a major role in identification, evaluation and inculcating quality practices in work centres involved in the fabrication of mechanical, electronics and propulsion systems required for Indian Space Research Organization's (ISRO's) launch vehicle and spacecraft projects. Also the reliability analysis activities like prediction, assessment and demonstration as well as de-rating analysis, Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) and worst-case analysis are carried out by SR groups during various stages of project realisation. These activities provide the basis for project management to take appropriate techno-managerial decisions to ensure that the required reliability goals are met. Extensive test facilities catering to the needs of the space program has been set up. A system for consolidating the experience and expertise gained for issue of standards called product assurance specifications to be used in all ISRO centres has also been established. 相似文献
997.
Napolitano M.R. Silvestri G. Windon D.A. II Casanova J.L. Innocenti M. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1998,34(2):456-468
The objective of this document Is to show the capabilities of parallel hardware-based on-line learning neural networks (NNs). This specific application is related to an on-line estimation problem for sensor validation purposes. Neural-network-based microprocessors are starting to be commercially available. However, most of them feature a learning performed with the classic back-propagation algorithm (BPA). To overcome this lack of flexibility a customized motherboard with transputers was implemented for this investigation, The extended BPA (EBPA), a modified and more effective BPA, was used for the on-line learning, These parallel hardware-based neural architectures were used to implement a sensor failure detection, identification, and accommodation scheme in the model of a night control system assumed to be without physical redundancy in the sensory capabilities. The results of this study demonstrate the potential for these neural schemes for implementation in actual flight control systems of modern high performance aircraft, taking advantage of the characteristics of the extended back-propagation along with the parallel computation capabilities of NN customized hardware 相似文献
998.
E L Kordyum 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1998,21(8-9):1111-1120
Elucidation of the possibilities for higher plants to realize complete ontogenesis, from seed to seed, and to propagate by seeds in microgravity, is a fundamental task of space biology connected with the working of the CELSS program. At present, there are results of only 6 spaceflight experiments with Arabidopsis thaliana, an ephemeral plant which will flower and fruit in orbit. Morphogenesis of generative organs occurs normally in microgravity, but unlike the ground control, buds and flowers mainly contain sterile elements of the androecium and gynoecium which degenerate at different stages of development in microgravity. Cytological peculiarities of male and female sterility in microgravity are similar to those occurring naturally during sexual differentiation. Many of the seed formed in microgravity do not contain embryos. Hypotheses to explain abnormal reproductive development in microgravity are: 1) nutritional deficiency, 2) insufficient light, 3) intensification of the influence of the above-mentioned factors by microgravity, 4) disturbances of a hormonal nature, and 5) the absence of pollination and fertilization. Possible ways for testing these hypotheses and obtaining viable seeds in microgravity are discussed. 相似文献
999.
B.J. Lewis A.R. Green L.G.I. Bennett 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
In computer codes used to estimate the aircrew radiation exposure from galactic cosmic radiation, a quiet sun model is usually assumed. A revised computer code (PCAIRE ver. 8.0f) is used to calculate the impact of noisy sun conditions on aircrew radiation exposure. The revised code incorporates the effect of solar storm activity, which can perturb the geomagnetic field lines, altering cutoff rigidities and hence the shielding capability of the Earth’s magnetic field. The effect of typical solar storm conditions on aircrew radiation exposure is shown to be minimal justifying the usual assumptions. 相似文献
1000.
Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and GPS-based swath guidance systems are used on agricultural aircraft for remote sensing, airplane guidance, and to support variable-rate aerial application of crop inputs such as insecticides, cotton growth regulators, and defoliants. Agricultural aircraft travel at much greater speeds than ground equipment (65 m/s, typically), so longitudinal (along-track) error in GPS-derived position is likely to be pronounced. Due to rapid ground speeds, determination of exact GPS-derived aircraft location requires special methodologies. To meet the need for determining ground position accurately, a ground-based spotting system using two strategically placed mirrors was designed to reflect sunlight to the belly of the aircraft when the plane passed over a ground reference point. The light beam was detected by a photocell on the airplane, causing a solid state relay to close through appropriate circuitry. When the relay closed, a record was placed in the data file for the airplane's Satloc GPS receiver, accurate to 0.01 s allowing exact position to be logged. Two stand-alone GPS receivers were evaluated along with the Satloc system, and their readings were compared with readings from the Satloc. For one day of testing used as an example, the Satloc lagged the ground reference point by an average of -4.53 m (S.D. = 0.68) in the east-west directions and led the reference point in the north-south directions by an average of +7.88 m (S.D. = 0.52). Positioning data from one stand-alone GPS receiver showed a distinct ground speed dependency, making it unsuitable for use in aircraft. Output from the other receiver (designed for aircraft use) was insensitive to ground speed changes but exhibited a look-ahead equivalent to 2-s at the ground speeds evaluated. 相似文献