对地观测卫星总体参数多学科优化

针对对地观测卫星总体参数设计问题,建立了以对地观测性能最佳为目标的多学科优化模型,考虑姿轨控制、电源、结构、推进、有效载荷5个分系统的设计变量和相应约束条件,并考虑运载火箭对卫星设计的约束条件,通过经验公式建立分析模型.采用协同优化方法,利用外点罚函数法将系统级优化问题转化为无约束优化问题以改善协同优化系统级的数值缺陷,建立了多学科设计优化框架.计算结果表明通过优化可提升卫星的对地观测性能,验证了该方法的合理性.建模思路与优化方法可望用于更贴合工程实际的卫星参数设计.      

Measurement and assessment of wind tunnel flow quality

For decades, wind tunnel testing has been conducted in test section environments that have not been adequately or consistently documented. Since wind tunnel flow quality can adversely affect test results, accurate and consistent flow quality measurements are required, along with an understanding of the sources, characteristics, and management of flow turbulence. This paper will review turbulence measurement techniques and data obtained in subsonic, transonic, and supersonic test facilities as they relate to the determination and assessment of wind tunnel flow quality. The principles and practical application of instrumentation used in the measurement and characterization of wind tunnel turbulence will be described. Techniques used for the identification of the sources of wind tunnel disturbances, and the performance of turbulence suppression devices will be outlined. These test techniques will be illustrated with extensive measurements obtained in a number of test facilities. The measurements will provide comprehensive turbulence data that are vital to the assessment and management of flow quality. Procedures designed to assess the potential influence of adverse flow quality on wind tunnel model test performance will also be discussed.     

基于变差的遥测天线跟踪稳定度研究*

对遥测系统伺服跟踪数据进行处理,分析对比几种跟踪方式,指出几种跟踪方式中可能存在的问题,并提出相应的改进措施。同时,通过曲线变差、方差的属性分析,研究自主跟踪时天线俯仰、方位的稳定度与跳变程度,并与理论弹道、数字引导方式的曲线稳定度进行分析和对比,得出变差越大稳定度越差,方差越大异常跳变越明显的结论。     

绳系卫星系统周期运动的分岔与镇定

考虑到绳系卫星系统主星姿态的作用,研究状态保持阶段绳系卫星系统的非线性动力学。首先建立含姿态的绳系卫星姿-仰耦合两自由度非线性动力学模型,通过摄动法解析地获得系统的周期运动,利用Floquet理论分析轨道偏心率对该周期运动稳定性的影响。然后,通过与姿态有关的两个系统参数,对绳系卫星系统周期运动的分岔进行了数值仿真。结果表明,姿态和俯仰运动耦合导致绳系卫星系统产生多个概周期运动并存的复杂动力学行为以及混沌运动。最后,为将混沌运动引导到某个稳定的周期运动上,提出利用线性速度反馈的镇定策略。     

Initial characterization of the microgravity environment of the international space station: increments 2 through 4

The primary objective of the International Space Station (ISS) is to provide a long-term quiescent environment for the conduct of scientific research for a variety of microgravity science disciplines. This paper reports to the microgravity scientific community the results of an initial characterization of the microgravity environment on the International Space Station for increments 2 through 4. During that period almost 70,000 hours of station operations and scientific experiments were conducted. 720 hours of crew research time were logged aboard the orbiting laboratory and over half a terabyte of acceleration data were recorded and much of that was analyzed. The results discussed in this paper cover both the quasi-steady and vibratory acceleration environment of the station during its first year of scientific operation. For the quasi-steady environment, results are presented and discussed for the following: the space station attitudes Torque Equilibrium Attitude and the X-Axis Perpendicular to the Orbital Plane; station docking attitude maneuvers; Space Shuttle joint operation with the station; cabin de-pressurizations and the station water dumps. For the vibratory environment, results are presented for the following: crew exercise, docking events, and the activation/de-activation of both station life support system hardware and experiment hardware. Finally, a grand summary of all the data collected aboard the station during the 1-year period is presented showing where the overall quasi-steady and vibratory acceleration magnitude levels fall over that period of time using a 95th percentile benchmark.     

自硬树脂砂型的开裂原因及防止措施

简述了冷硬树脂砂型在某些情况下的产生开裂的原因及机理,讨论了几种解决的方法,有利于改进产品质量,减少双方的经济损失.     

叠氮粘合剂推进剂热分解及燃烧性能研究综述

综述了叠氮类粘合剂ＧＡＰ，ＢＡＭＯ和ＡＭＭＯ的热分解及共推进剂的燃烧性能，认为叠氮类推进剂中－Ｎ３基受热易分解，因而基础燃速高，燃速温度敏感性大；在配方中引入有效的添加剂，可提高该类推进剂的燃速，降低其压强度指数。     

用动态分析法表征复合推进剂偶联剂的作用效果

研究了偶联剂对复合推进剂动态力学损耗的影响。建立了一种动态力学分析方法，即通过建立过渡相模型和引入表征因子Ａ，分别在ＨＴＰＢ和聚醚两种体系的复合推进中评价了偶联剂的作用效果。结果表明，天征因子Ａ值越低，偶联剂在该温度范围内的作用效果越好，该结论为表征复合推进剂关剂的作用效果提供了一种新的方法。     

Taking stock of Europe's developing space policy: from the European space policy workshops to the European space policy forum

A series of workshops designed to make up for the lack of high-level, informal discussion of European space policy has been running—with a gap during formulation of the EC Green/White Paper on this subject—since September 2002. In view of the progress made in establishing a coherent European strategy, and of various other recent events, such as China's entry into the human spaceflight field, the organizers intend not only to continue the series but also to establish a more permanent, research-oriented European Space Policy Foundation (ESPF). Following a report on the proceedings of the third workshop, held in September 2003, which covered developing an overall European policy, new applications (Galileo and GMES) and human spaceflight, the authors set out a proposal for an ESPF and present the six major research themes it would aim to investigate.     

关于普通高校体育教学的思考

通过对高校体育教学中的教学模式、内容设制、考核形式几方面的分析、探讨，提出了高校体育教学应以未来社会人才的需要为出发点，使体育教学从根本上摆脱传统教学观念的束缚，从单纯培养“知识型”、“技能型”人才向培养“创造性”、“综合性”、“应用性”人才转变。