复合固体推进剂过渡相(中间相)力学模型

在总结归纳复合固体推进剂力学性能研究的基础上,吸取键合剂作用模型的优点,结合新近提出的网络与形态结构理论,并引入颗粒充填复合材料中的成熟理论,提出了一个描述复合固体推进剂力学性能的过渡相（中间相）模型。通过力学,数学推导建立了复合固体推进剂的结构因素与力学性能表征参数（σ,ε）的定性关系,这与验证主前人的结果基本一致,其中提出的关于过渡相模量与基体模量匹配的调节方法,为进一步提高复合固体推进剂的力     

载人航天中高温应急的医学对策

载人航天中高温应急事件发生概率较高,应予以充分重视。首先应该克服某些消极认识和不适做法,并指出高温负荷对工效的影响,可转而续发其它事故或未能完成预定飞行计划等问题。文中根据航天实际,提出了若干与高温耐力有关的选训措施和设想,侧重论述了最大氧摄取量（ＶＯ２ｍａｘ）与耐热能力的关系。认为可以采用心功能适应指数与ＶＯ２ｍａｘ的测定作为指标,选拔潜在耐热能力较高的航天员,并在此基础上安排某些体能训练,进一步提高耐热能力,达到在万一发生情况时避免发生事故,圆满完成任务的目的。     

柱状弹丸撞击防护屏形成碎片云材料状态特性研究

微流星体及空间碎片的高速撞击威胁着长寿命、大尺寸航天器的安全运行，导致其严重的损伤和灾难性的失效。为精确估计微流星体及空间碎片高速撞击防护屏所产生碎片云对舱壁的损伤，必须确定碎片云中三种状态材料的特性，建立了碎片云特性分析模型，分别计算了柱状弹丸撞击防护屏所产生碎片云以及碎片云中弹丸和防护屏材料三种状态物质的质量分布。通过计算分析可见，弹丸以不同速度撞击防护屏所产生碎片云三种状态物质的质量分布是不同的，速度增大，液化和气化增强，对靶件的损伤小。而在速度小于7km/s时，碎片云以固体碎片的形式存在，对靶件的损伤大。     

Water Reservoirs in Small Planetary Bodies: Meteorites,Asteroids, and Comets

Asteroids and comets are the remnants of the swarm of planetesimals from which the planets ultimately formed, and they retain records of processes that operated prior to and during planet formation. They are also likely the sources of most of the water and other volatiles accreted by Earth. In this review, we discuss the nature and probable origins of asteroids and comets based on data from remote observations, in situ measurements by spacecraft, and laboratory analyses of meteorites derived from asteroids. The asteroidal parent bodies of meteorites formed \(\leq 4\) Ma after Solar System formation while there was still a gas disk present. It seems increasingly likely that the parent bodies of meteorites spectroscopically linked with the E-, S-, M- and V-type asteroids formed sunward of Jupiter’s orbit, while those associated with C- and, possibly, D-type asteroids formed further out, beyond Jupiter but probably not beyond Saturn’s orbit. Comets formed further from the Sun than any of the meteorite parent bodies, and retain much higher abundances of interstellar material. CI and CM group meteorites are probably related to the most common C-type asteroids, and based on isotopic evidence they, rather than comets, are the most likely sources of the H and N accreted by the terrestrial planets. However, comets may have been major sources of the noble gases accreted by Earth and Venus. Possible constraints that these observations can place on models of giant planet formation and migration are explored.     

Removing orbital debris with lasers

Orbital debris in low Earth orbit (LEO) are now sufficiently dense that the use of LEO space is threatened by runaway collision cascading. A problem predicted more than thirty years ago, the threat from debris larger than about 1 cm demands serious attention. A promising proposed solution uses a high power pulsed laser system on the Earth to make plasma jets on the objects, slowing them slightly, and causing them to re-enter and burn up in the atmosphere. In this paper, we reassess this approach in light of recent advances in low-cost, light-weight modular design for large mirrors, calculations of laser-induced orbit changes and in design of repetitive, multi-kilojoules lasers, that build on inertial fusion research. These advances now suggest that laser orbital debris removal (LODR) is the most cost-effective way to mitigate the debris problem. No other solutions have been proposed that address the whole problem of large and small debris. A LODR system will have multiple uses beyond debris removal. International cooperation will be essential for building and operating such a system.     

基于多级维纳滤波器的树型WSN分布式线性约束最小方差波束形成方法

为减少树型无线传感器网络(Wireless sensor network,WSN)中分布式线性约束最小方差(Linearly constrained minimum variance,LCMV)波束形成器的计算量,将多级分解技术用于WSN分布式波束形成技术中,提出基于多级维纳滤波器(Multistage Wiener filter,MSWF)的分布式LCMV波束形成器方法。该方法通过有效引入MSWF技术避免本地协方差矩阵估计及求逆运算,能以更少的计算量获得分布式LCMV波束形成器相同的输出性能,说明新方法继承了MSWF和分布式LCMV波束形成器的优点。计算机仿真结果验证了算法的优良性能。     

Global Hybrid Simulation of Magnetic Reconnection in the Magnetosheath

A three-dimensional (3-D) global hybrid simulation is carried out for the generation and structure of magnetic reconnection in the magnetosheath due to interaction of an interplanetary Tangential Discontinuity (TD) with the bow shock and magnetosphere. Runs are performed for solar wind TDs possessing different initial half-widths. As the TD propagates through the bow shock toward the magnetopause, it is greatly narrowed by a two-step compression processes, a "shock compression' followed by a subsequent ``convective compression'. In cases with a relatively thin solar wind TD, 3-D patchy reconnection is initiated in the transmitted TD, forming magnetosheath flux ropes. Multiple components of ion particles are present in the velocity distribution in the magnetosheath merging, accompanied by ion heating. For cases with a relatively wide initial TD, a dominant single X-line appears in the subsolar magnetosheath after the transmitted TD is narrowed. A shock analysis is performed for the detailed structure of magnetic reconnection in the magnetosheath. Rotational Discontinuity (RD)/Time-Dependent Intermediate Shock (TDIS) are found to dominate the reconnection layer, which and some weak slow shocks are responsible for the ion heating and acceleration.      

Doppler Compensation & Single Pulse Imaging using Adaptive Pulse Compression

The effects of target Doppler are addressed in relation to adaptive receive processing for radar pulse compression. To correct for Doppler-induced filter mismatch over a single pulse, the Doppler-compensated adaptive pulse compression (DC-APC) algorithm is presented whereby the respective Doppler shifts for large target returns are jointly estimated with the illuminated range profile and subsequently incorporated into the original APC adaptive receive filter formulation. As a result, the Doppler-mismatch-induced range sidelobes can be suppressed thereby regaining a significant portion of the sensitivity improvement that is possible when applying adaptive pulse compression (APC) without the existence of significant Doppler mismatch. In contrast, instead of compensating for Doppler mismatch, the single pulse imaging (SPI) algorithm generalizes the APC formulation for a bank of Doppler-shifted matched filters thereby producing a sidelobe-suppressed range-Doppler image from the return signal of a single radar pulse which is applicable for targets with substantial variation in Doppler. Both techniques are based on the recently proposed APC algorithm and its generalization, the multistatic adaptive pulse compression (MAPC) algorithm, which have been shown to be effective for the suppression of pulse compression range sidelobes thus dramatically increasing the sensitivity of pulse compression radar.     

基于源项辨识的飞机座舱污染浓度动态预测

随着大型民机飞行时间的延长,座舱空气污染事故发生概率也随之增大,快速准确的污染浓度预测对保证乘客生命安全具有重要意义.座舱各污染浓度的动态预测和污染源项强度辨识是实现座舱空气质量实时预测的关键技术.污染源项散发强度辨识,如采用最小二乘算法,参数估计是静态的,一般延迟较大;如采用单模卡尔曼滤波算法,虽能实现动态辨识,但不能同时兼顾稳态和过渡过程(突发污染)的参数估计性能,导致误差较大.为解决上述难题,本文提出基于源项辨识的飞机座舱污染浓度动态预测方法,同时完成污染源散发强度动态辨识和污染浓度状态实时预测.该算法由2个滤波器组成,分别用于匹配系统的稳态和突发过渡过程特征,提高浓度方程参数估计和状态预测性能,保证飞机座舱空气质量态势预测的快速性和准确性.仿真结果证实了该算法的有效性.     

基于证据理论的潜艇舱室综合环境质量评价

以我国核潜艇舱室环境为研究对象,开展综合环境质量评价研究.经分析确定与潜艇舱室环境质量相关的影响因素主要包括温度、湿度、空气污染物、颗粒状污染物、微生物及噪声.为克服上述多评价因素之间的多项性和不确定性,提出采用基于D-S(Dempster-Shafer)证据理论的潜艇舱室综合环境质量评价方法.该方法是在层次分析法的基础上,引入证据理论,利用D-S合成公式对不同权重的多个专家评价信息进行合成.该方法能够有效综合多个不同权威评价专家的不确定性评价意见,提高评价结果可信度.