双层防护屏结构的正撞击研究

以惠普尔（Whipple）防护屏结构为例， 通过实验研究了铝合金柱状弹体以第一门槛值附近的速度正撞击LY12合金防护屏的特点；研究了在不同速度下防护屏损伤随速度的变化规律；对于速度在第一门槛值附近的速度正撞击，得到了撞击速度、防护屏及靶体厚度、防护距离的变化地防护屏及靶体作用的影响效果。     

失重因素对航天员体温调节影响的分析

系统地总结了实际载人航天及地面模拟中失重因素引起的航天员生理性体温调节功能变化的种种现象和内在联系。指出在失重环境下 ,自然对流消失 ,血液重新分布 ,排尿性失水增加 ,血浆容积变小 ,心血管系统功能下降 ,最大氧摄入量降低 ,这些都可导致体温调节能力受损 ,最终使航天员的高温耐力明显下降。文章同时指出 ,在体温调节系统中 ,行为性调节是生理性调节的补充和延伸 ,前者只有通过后者才能发挥作用 ,因此 ,在航天器座舱温控系统及航天服通风 -液冷系统的设计中 ,应充分考虑失重因素的影响。     

Temporal evolution of the RCS of aircraft wake vortices

Knowledge of the radar scattering characteristics is one of the key issues for the development of wake vortex detection technology. This paper studies the temporal evolution of the RCS (radar cross-section) of wake vortices. The RCS–time plot is observed to increase as a whole and step at a certain time. These properties could provide help to the design of wake vortex detection radar and the optimization of radar station layout. The special spiral structures within the wake, together with the Bragg scattering theory, are used to well explain these phenomena, and some representative radar experiments are also included to verify them.     

一种微米级粒子的静电发射加速装置

为了研究空间微小碎片碰撞对航天器的影响,国内外研制了各种类型的微小碎片加速器。文章简要介绍了一种很有前景的静电式微小碎片加速器及其关键部件的工作原理、结构特点及适用范围等。     

利用Simons模型研究卫星羽流污染

发动机羽流对卫星引起干扰力矩及沉积效应,对羽流污染分析是卫星污染分析中的重要部分。文章在分析发动机羽流流动特点的基础上,详细介绍了Simons模型,并将其用于某卫星20 N发动机羽流对其邻近壁面沉积污染的模拟。计算结果表明,羽流会对邻近壁面产生污染沉积效应,平均沉积速率1.89 10-4 kg/(s?m2)。通过此算例证明,Simons模型是一种有效的快速估算羽流污染的工程方法。     

防护结构在斜撞击下的行为研究

以惠普尔（Ｗｈｉｐｐｌｅ）防护屏结构为例,通过实验研究了铝合金柱状弹体以第一门槛值附近速度斜撞击ＬＹ１２合金防护屏的特点,研究了不同速度下,不同撞击角度下,防护屏损伤的变化规律,对于速度在第一门槛值附近的斜撞击,以斜撞击存在一个临界入射角度,当入射角度大于临界入射角度时,发生滑弹现象,入射角度越大,产生的滑弹碎片数量就越多。     

Regolith-derived ferrosilicon as a potential feedstock material for wire-based additive manufacturing

Ferrosilicon is a primary metallic alloy produced during the reduction of metal oxides contained in lunar and Martian regolith by a variety of techniques. This study examines the usefulness of ferrosilicon as a candidate feedstock material for wire-based 3D printers designed for in-space manufacturing. Alloys of composition ranging from pure iron to 12?wt% Si were synthesized and their electrical and mechanical properties characterized. The melts were cast into rods for mechanical testing to determine ultimate strength and ductility. It was determined that the samples above 3?wt% Si were too brittle to be pulled into wire and ruptured at low strain values. The 3?wt% Si sample and iron had comparable mechanical properties relative to samples of higher silicon content but with differences in ductility and ultimate strength. Microstructure and compositional studies revealed the differences between the ductile and brittle samples as being the complete ferrite phase presence on the iron and low-Si content samples. This study establishes an upper limit on the Si content at 3?wt% in ferrosilicon materials to be used in wire feedstock in additive manufacturing for in-space applications.     

Space debris cumulative flux considering the Interval Distance-based method

The availability of engineering models to estimate the risk from space debris is essential for space missions. According to current research, cumulative flux calculation is mostly carried out based on the equal-width interval discretization. The method discretizes the volume around the Earth into cells defined in earth centered inertial coordinates. The resulting debris flux onto a target object is shown to depend on the chosen size of the cells. To avoid a discretization error, this must be accounted for. In order to present reliable flux predictions for space mission, the algorithm improvement is an ongoing topic for the related research field. The aim of this study was to examine the discretization error during the cumulative flux determination process. Both the effect of interval step length and the orbital boundary are under investigation. Several typical orbits are selected as examples here and the 2018/01/03 TLE (Two Line Element) data published by the US Space Surveillance Network is used as the debris background in this paper. Furthermore, the Interval Distance-Based method for Discretization (IDD) is adopted in this paper. A position-centered flux determination method is introduced based on the IDD method. According to the example analysis, the IDD used in the flux calculation process provides results which are less affected by the interval step-size setup; and the orbital boundary has no effect on the calculation process. In other words, the discretization error is significantly reduced. The position-centered method provided a possible suggestion for the improvement of space debris environment models.     

基于抗差估计改进的GNSS/INS组合导航完好性监测方法

在卫星/惯性(GNSS/INS)组合导航系统中,针对基于残差检测的完好性监测算法对于缓变误差检测效果不佳,以及自主完好性监测外推(AIME)法存在检测时延的缺陷,提出了一种基于抗差估计改进的完好性监测方法.该方法在AIME法的基础上,通过定义标准化残差,引入三段权函数抗差估计对AIME法进行改进,并设计了一种调节准则,实现在不同情况下采用不同的检测方式.最后通过搭建仿真平台对所提方法进行验证,仿真结果表明,该方法可有效降低组合导航系统完好性监测的误警率和告警时间,提高卡尔曼滤波估计精度和组合导航系统对缓变误差的检测性能.     

Fault detection and isolation in GPS receiver autonomous integrity monitoring based on chaos particle swarm optimization-particle filter algorithm

The receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) is one of the most important parts in an avionic navigation system. Two problems need to be addressed to improve this system, namely, the degeneracy phenomenon and lack of samples for the standard particle filter (PF). However, the number of samples cannot adequately express the real distribution of the probability density function (i.e., sample impoverishment). This study presents a GPS receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) method based on a chaos particle swarm optimization particle filter (CPSO-PF) algorithm with a log likelihood ratio. The chaos sequence generates a set of chaotic variables, which are mapped to the interval of optimization variables to improve particle quality. This chaos perturbation overcomes the potential for the search to become trapped in a local optimum in the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Test statistics are configured based on a likelihood ratio, and satellite fault detection is then conducted by checking the consistency between the state estimate of the main PF and those of the auxiliary PFs. Based on GPS data, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively detect and isolate satellite faults under conditions of non-Gaussian measurement noise. Moreover, the performance of the proposed novel method is better than that of RAIM based on the PF or PSO-PF algorithm.