面向飞机表面喷涂的多层次控制程序结构

 为实现飞机外表面的机器人自动化喷涂,根据飞机外表面的几何特征,提出了飞机表面喷涂轨迹的规划方案和自动化喷涂作业的定位方法。根据该方法制订了多层次的喷涂控制程序结构,包括主逻辑层、控制程序层、辅助功能层3个层次。主逻辑层负责整个程序体系运行的调度,即调用控制程序层和辅助功能层中的功能模块;控制程序层包含飞机表面的分区及相应的喷涂控制程序模块;辅助功能层包括喷涂工艺参数、运动参数、系统默认参数等内容。为快速生成多层次喷涂程序体系,提出了面向飞机外表面喷涂的离线编程技术方案。以飞机模型表面喷涂为例,验证了方法的有效性和可维护性。     

Orientational versus esthetical urban street morphology parameterization in Space Syntax

Current topological and geometrical distances in Space Syntax are based on the premise that each change of direction along a path is a mental cost because one loses orientation. This paper proposes to extend the analysis to the case in which esthetic and variety, rather than orientation, are the key elements of street selection. It is widely recognized that most people are attracted to curvy paths rather than straight ones; therefore, when one is not worried about losing orientation in her walk, or when the preferred path is well recognizable even when it requires changes of direction, we should adopt another criterion to weigh distances: morphoahestetic and networkvariety criteria are shown as potential parameterization for Space Syntax distances.     

Investigation of the effectiveness of an algorithm of active magnetic damping

We consider the rapid rotation of a satellite equipped with an active magnetic attitude control system with the -Bdot algorithm designed to damp the initial angular velocity. The time-response of the algorithm is analytically studied as a function of orbit inclination.     

Modeling gravity effects on water retention and gas transport characteristics in plant growth substrates

Growing plants to facilitate life in outer space, for example on the International Space Station (ISS) or at planned deep-space human outposts on the Moon or Mars, has received much attention with regard to NASA’s advanced life support system research. With the objective of in situ resource utilization to conserve energy and to limit transport costs, native materials mined on Moon or Mars are of primary interest for plant growth media in a future outpost, while terrestrial porous substrates with optimal growth media characteristics will be useful for onboard plant growth during space missions. Due to limited experimental opportunities and prohibitive costs, liquid and gas behavior in porous substrates under reduced gravity conditions has been less studied and hence remains poorly understood. Based on ground-based measurements, this study examined water retention, oxygen diffusivity and air permeability characteristics of six plant growth substrates for potential applications in space, including two terrestrial analogs for lunar and Martian soils and four particulate substrates widely used in reduced gravity experiments. To simulate reduced gravity water characteristics, the predictions for ground-based measurements (1 − g) were scaled to two reduced gravity conditions, Martian gravity (0.38 − g) and lunar gravity (0.16 − g), following the observations in previous reduced gravity studies. We described the observed gas diffusivity with a recently developed model combined with a new approach that estimates the gas percolation threshold based on the pore size distribution. The model successfully captured measured data for all investigated media and demonstrated the implications of the poorly-understood shift in gas percolation threshold with improved gas percolation in reduced gravity. Finally, using a substrate-structure parameter related to the gaseous phase, we adequately described the air permeability under reduced gravity conditions.     

An Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Some Martian Regolith Simulants with Respect to the Surface Properties at the InSight Mission Landing Site

In support of the InSight mission in which two instruments (the SEIS seismometer and the \(\mbox{HP}^{3}\) heat flow probe) will interact directly with the regolith on the surface of Mars, a series of mechanical tests were conducted on three different regolith simulants to better understand the observations of the physical and mechanical parameters that will be derived from InSight. The mechanical data obtained were also compared to data on terrestrial sands. The density of the regolith strongly influences its mechanical properties, as determined from the data on terrestrial sands. The elastoplastic compression volume changes were investigated through oedometer tests that also provided estimates of possible changes in density with depth. The results of direct shear tests provided values of friction angles that were compared with that of a terrestrial sand, and an extrapolation to lower density provided a friction angle compatible with that estimated from previous observations on the surface of Mars. The importance of the contracting/dilating shear volume changes of sands on the dynamic penetration of the mole was determined, with penetration facilitated by the \(\sim1.3~\mbox{Mg/m}^{3}\) density estimated at the landing site. Seismic velocities, measured by means of piezoelectric bender elements in triaxial specimens submitted to various isotropic confining stresses, show the importance of the confining stress, with lesser influence of density changes under compression. A power law relation of velocity as a function of confining stress with an exponent of 0.3 was identified from the tests, allowing an estimate of the surface seismic velocity of 150 m/s. The effect on the seismic velocity of a 10% proportion of rock in the regolith was also studied. These data will be compared with in situ data measured by InSight after landing.     

Experiment on the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vernov</Emphasis> satellite: Transient energetic processes in the Earth’s atmosphere and magnetosphere. Part II. First results

We present the first experimental results on the observation of optical transients, gamma-ray bursts, relativistic electrons, and electromagnetic waves obtained during the experiment with the RELEC complex of scientific equipment on the Vernov satellite.     

Test of galactic cosmic-ray source models – Working Group Report

The main features of cosmic-ray source models and acceleration processes are reviewed, with special emphasis on the possible observational tests, through both composition analysis and multi-wavelength studies of supernova remnants. Non-linear effects in the context of supernova-induced diffusive shock acceleration are discussed, as well as collective acceleration effects induced by multiple supernova explosions inside superbubbles.     

The Concept and Definition of Integrated Flight Performance for a Small Remotely Piloted Helicopter

The concept and definition of integrated flight performance for a small remotely piloted helicopter are introduced to obtain real operational values in performing a flight mission.     

On a problem of reducing the hydrodynamic drag in the pipelines of power plants

Proceeding from the first assumption of kinetic-molecular theory, the authors propose the Toms effect on reducing the hydrodynamic drag in a turbulent flow with polymer additives and its usage in power plants, to be explained.