两级脉冲爆震发动机的理想热力循环及性能分析

为研究两级脉冲爆震发动机的性能,以Brayton循环和理想爆震循环为基础,建立和分析了两级脉冲爆震发动机的理想热力循环,利用CEA软件计算了富油燃烧产物及其组分随当量比的变化。计算分析表明,两级脉冲爆震发动机理想循环的热效率和单位推力介于Brayton循环和理想爆震循环之间,且随第一级放热比增大而减小;为得到最多的氢气和一氧化碳,第一级富油燃烧当量比应在2.6～2.8;由于燃烧反应不能完全进行和离解反应的存在,使得第一级富油燃烧的放热量减少,循环热效率增加。     

暂冲式环形射流诱导非定常激波聚焦的机理研究

利用暂冲式环形射流诱导非定常激波聚焦实验装置,在环形喷口宽度为9.4mm,喷口前后压比分别为6.1和17.9的条件下进行了环形射流聚心碰撞诱导非定常激波聚焦的实验研究,并以数值计算为补充,对流场的演化过程进行了详细的分析。结果表明,环形射流启动时形成的前导激波聚心碰撞是产生非定常激波的主要原因。在环形喷口宽度d=9.4mm,压比π=6.1的条件下,激波聚焦的峰值压力可达2.16MPa,为凹面腔内部初始压力的21.8倍。激波在凹面腔内聚焦后形成回传激波,凹面腔底部的气流经入射激波与回传激波两次压缩后,压力大大提升,向环形喷口回流,使下一循环中环形射流的欠膨胀度降低,前导激波强度也相应减弱,随之产生的非定常激波和激波聚焦强度也有所降低。此外,一个循环中输入凹面腔的能量由环形喷口宽度所决定,因此,当喷口前后压比大于临界压比1.89时,保持喷口宽度不变而仅改变喷口前后压比,所产生的非定常激波和激波聚焦强度基本不变。     

双排叉排孔气膜冷却特性研究 (二) 绝热有效温比

本文介绍双排叉排孔气膜冷却绝热有效温比η的测量结果和数值计算。根据η沿主流和横向的变化, 特别是在近孔区的分布规律分析了前后排孔二次射流的不同流动特点。数值计算采用求解椭圆方程的三维差分程序, 吹风比M等于0.6。      

航空电子综合化系统通信子网设计研究

传统的航空电子综合化系统(IAS)中,通信子网的自治性很差,其管理控制是由应用宿主机来进行的,最终成了限制IAS性能的瓶颈。针对上述问题,研究设计了一个基于MIL-STD-1553B总线的IAS通信子网—1553BCN。1553BCN实现了通信子网的自治管理和容错(降级)运行,并向宿主机提供具有“恰一次”(exactlyonce)可靠性语义的应答式可变长消息通信服务。实践表明,1553BCN能较好地满足IAS的通信要求,可用以构造新一代IAS。     

热流测量中参数估计法的应用

讨论了在不同工况下热流计的动态特性和利用递归最小二乘方法通过参数估计实现热流计的动态测量。该方法可缩短热流测量的时间,并有较高的精确度。     

模拟空间服役环境下低温共烧陶瓷材料特性评价

从航天器产品空间可靠性要求的角度出发,提出了低温共烧陶瓷（LTCC）材料在模拟空间服役环境下材料特性评价的方法,主要包括大温域、温度循环、辐照等试验的条件及试验后力/热性能及电性能评价方法,采用该方法对某国产LTCC材料进行了评价。结果表明,在大温域试验条件下,热导率从-65 ℃时的4.77 W/（m·K）下降到了175 ℃时的2.89 W/（m·K）,弯曲强度从-65 ℃时的445 MPa下降到了0 ℃时的310 MPa并稳定在了310 MPa左右,热膨胀系数虽随温度的升高而增大,但随温度的变化趋势与同类进口材料基本一致,而在温度循环及模拟空间环境辐照试验条件下,各考核项目均变化不大,表明其性能基本可以满足宇航应用的可靠性要求,该研究成果可为LTCC材料的宇航应用提供技术指导。     

圆柱尾涡/边界层相互作用中二次涡特性研究

应用流动显示的方法研究水槽中上游圆柱绕流尾涡与平板边界层的相互作用,发现边界层外的尾涡可以诱导边界层内流体产生新的二次涡结构,对二次涡的产生条件、形成机理和演化规律进行了探讨.结果表明:尾涡/二次涡的相互作用是尾涡与边界层相互作用的核心,尾涡涡脱落St数的变化、尾涡反弹现象、边界层内二次涡的产生和尾涡/二次涡相互作用的不同形态等均与无量纲参数yc/D有关(yc为圆柱距离平板的法向位置,D为圆柱直径),并可以此参数对尾涡/边界层相互作用的特性进行分区.     

液氧煤油补燃发动机泵间管路高温富氧燃气掺混冷凝特性数值研究

针对液氧煤油补燃发动机液氧预压泵和主泵间管路富氧燃气掺混冷凝现象,建立了大过热度下富氧燃气和液氧两相流动掺混冷凝特性的全三维数值仿真方法,并以常温制冷剂R123为工质,通过气液掺混冷凝实验验证了数值仿真模型对管内两相流型和气液再液化性能的精确预测能力.仿真结果表明:弯管段气液两相在离心力作用下发生横向相对流动,强化了相...     

Viscoelastic characterization of polymers for deployable composite booms

Deployable space structures are being built from thin-walled fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials due to their high specific strength, high specific stiffness, and designed bistability. However, the inherent viscoelastic behavior of the resin matrix can cause dimensional instability when the composite is stored under strain. The extended time of stowage between assembly and deployment in space can result in performance degradation and in the worst case, mission failure. In this study, the viscoelastic properties of candidate commercial polymers consisting of difunctional and tetrafunctional epoxies and thermoplastic and thermosetting polyimides were evaluated for deployable boom structures of solar sails. Stress relaxation master curves of the candidate polymers were used to predict the relaxation that would occur in 1 year at room temperature under relatively low strains of about 0.1%. A bismaleimide (BMI) showed less stress relaxation (about 20%) than the baseline novolac epoxy (about 50%). Carbon fiber composites fabricated with the BMI resin showed a 44% improvement in resistance to relaxation compared to the baseline epoxy composite.     

Characteristics of the soil-like substrates produced with a novel technique combining aerobic fermentation and earthworm treatment

The soil-like substrate (SLS) technique is key for improving the closure of bioregenerative life support system (BLSS) by recycling the inedible biomass of higher plants. In this study, a novel SLS technique (NSLST) was proposed: aerobic fermentations at 35 °C for 1 day, then 60 °C for 6 days, finally 30 °C for 3 days, followed by earthworm treatment for 70 days. Comparing with the original SLS technique (OSLST), its process cycle was 13 days shorter, and the dry weight loss rate (81.1%) was improved by 24.77%. The cellulose and lignin degradation rates were 96.6% and 94.6%. The concentrations of available N, P and K in mature SLS were respectively 776.1 mg/L, 348.0 mg/L and 7943.0 mg/L. Low CH₄ and NH₃ production was observed, but no accumulation. According to the seed germination test, the SLSs were feasible for plant growth. This investigation will provide a preliminary foundation for BLSS design.