流体喉部喷管二次流矢量控制方案

针对结合了二次流矢量控制的固体火箭发动机流体喉部喷管进行了研究.通过数值模拟着重分析了同时存在推力大小调节和方向改变的工况,即喷管喉部和扩张段上同时存在二次流时的情况.比较了典型的9种二次流喷射方案喉部控制性能和推力矢量性能,并讨论了喉部存在二次流时对下游二次流矢量控制的影响.方案的比较结果为实际设计、方案选型提供了参考.     

构建航空气象和用户一体化实训平台的设想

本文结合多年对航空气象专业及飞行管制等用户的培训经验,提出了培训平台搭建的思路,进行了平台框架设计,并对今后实用训练模块进行了策划研究,为平台培训软件开发提供了理论参考。     

民用飞机高寒专项试验实施方法研究

为验证在高寒环境下能够安全运行,民用飞机需开展整机级高寒专项试验。总结了民用飞机高寒专项试验地点的环境条件,包括国内机场气象分析、国外机场气象分析、气候实验室环境条件,针对气候实验室及海拉尔东山机场论证了试验窗口期选取建议,梳理了试验期间环境温度测量、机上数据读取、系统参数测量相关测量内容及注意事项,并对民用飞机在气候实验室和海拉尔东山机场的冷浸透前检查、冷浸透期间检查、冷浸透后检查和海拉尔东山机场的航前检查、飞行检查、航后检查的试验现场实施方法及要点进行了研究,给出了在海拉尔东山机场进行冷浸透检查的时间建议,从而系统论证了民用飞机开展高寒专项试验相关的试验实施方法,对民用飞机高寒专项试验的策划与实施具有一定的指导意义。     

柔性冗余度机器人振动分析与抑制

从理论上分析了利用冗余芳机器人的“自运动”克服其结构柔性引起的机器人臂末端振动的可能性及实际应用的方法,仿真结果证明了可行性。     

Substorm timings and timescales: A new aspect

The magnetospheric substorm is a fundamental element of magnetospheric disturbances. After more than 40 years of intensive studies, various aspects of substorm morphology have been qualitatively established. Observations from the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) mission during the last decade have provided more detailed and complete pictures of substorms than before and, consequently, have provided new insights into substorm mechanisms. From the global auroral imaging it is shown that substorm onsets are locally confined; however, the effects of substorms involve a very large space at different times. Observations relying on in situ techniques can be misleading and can introduce confusion if not properly interpreted. On the other hand, remote sensing techniques such as global auroral imaging not only provide a robust means for studying substorm phenomenology but also yield relatively consistent results. This article reviews and summarizes a number of substorm studies conducted based primarily on global auroral images from NASA's Polar satellite, with a main focus on “quantitative” substorm morphology (i.e., onset timing, locations, energy input, and substorm timescales). These studies conclude that (1) auroral breakups are the most reliable substorm indicator, whereas other commonly used onset proxies may not always be associated with substorms and are subject to a propagation delay; (2) after breakup, the expanded auroral bulge can move either westward (60%) or eastward (40%); and (3) a typical substorm expansion phase lasts ～10 minutes and increases with increasing distances from the onset. A key conclusion from some recent studies seems to suggest that magnetotail reconnection, if it ever exists, is a consequence of substorm expansion onset. These findings provide constraints for substorm models and theories.     

Differentiation in microgravity of neural and muscle cells of a vertebrate (amphibian).

The CELIMENE space experiment (CELulles en Impesanteur: Muscle Et Neurone Embryonnaires) was devoted to the study of the influence of gravity on the differentiation, the organisation and the maintenance of the highly specialised nervous system and muscular system. CELIMENE was carried out during the first flight of the IBIS hardware (Instrument for BIology in Space) with the fully automatic space mission PHOTON 10 in February 1995. Using the amphibian Pleurodeles waltl as a vertebrate model, in vitro experiments involved immunocytochemical detection of glial-, neuronal- and muscle-specific markers, and neurotransmitters in cells developed under conditions of microgravity compared with 1g controls, on-board and on the ground. We observed that the altered gravity did not disturb cell morphogenesis or differentiation.     

A Comprehensive Study on Wiugtip Devices in Large Civil Aircraft

翼尖装置由于其良好的气动特性在航空界得到了广泛应用,然而它也使飞机的颤振及结构重量特性发生了变化.为了探求翼尖装置的综合特性,利用数值模拟方法对大型客机上最先进的3种翼尖装置(融合式、鲨鱼鳍式和阶梯式)进行了气动,颤振及重量3个方面的综合研究.3种翼尖装置减阻效果明显,但同时结构重量亦增加.翼尖装置均降低了机翼颤振速度.研究结果表明:加装翼尖装置后机翼颤振形态取决于翼尖装置的形式.相对于机翼颤振速度,翼尖装置形式对机翼颤振速度的影响是小量(1％～7％),且翼尖装置减阻和机翼压心外移的综合重量增益,为机翼结构设计提供了一定的设计空间.     

大型客机先进翼尖装置综合特性研究

 翼尖装置由于其良好的气动特性在航空界得到了广泛应用,然而它也使飞机的颤振及结构重量特性发生了变化。为了探求翼尖装置的综合特性,利用数值模拟方法对大型客机上最先进的3种翼尖装置(融合式、鲨鱼鳍式和阶梯式)进行了气动、颤振及重量3个方面的综合研究。3种翼尖装置减阻效果明显,但同时结构重量亦增加。翼尖装置均降低了机翼颤振速度。研究结果表明:加装翼尖装置后机翼颤振形态取决于翼尖装置的形式。相对于机翼颤振速度,翼尖装置形式对机翼颤振速度的影响是小量(1%~7%),且翼尖装置减阻和机翼压心外移的综合重量增益,为机翼结构设计提供了一定的设计空间。     

固体火箭发动机气动喉部的推力调控特性

为了研究固体火箭发动机气动喉部推力调节的一般规律,利用氮气作为介质对气动喉部喷管进行了冷流实验研究。研究了该种喷管的扼流性能,二次流嘴的面积、个数对其扼流性能的影响以及空腔容积与喷管压强调节时间的关系。掌握了气动喉部喷管的有效喉部面积随流量比变化的一般规律。结果表明,二次流与主流流量比越大,气动喉部面积越小。小的面积比具有更高的扼流性能,而当流量比大于0.4时,面积比对扼流性能无明显影响。空腔体积越小压强调节时间越短。