直接时效处理对热连轧GH4169合金蠕变行为的影响

通过对热连轧GH4169合金进行直接时效处理、蠕变性能测试和组织形貌观察,研究了直接时效对热连轧合金蠕变行为的影响。结果表明:直接时效可明显提高热连轧GH4169合金的蠕变抗力,在660℃/700MPa条件下,使合金的蠕变寿命由60h提高到126h,在试验的温度和应力范围内,测定出该合金在蠕变期间的激活能和应力指数分别为Qa=559.2kJ/mol和n=17.6。合金在热连轧期间的变形特征是孪晶和位错在孪晶内的双取向滑移,且有较小的晶粒尺寸;经直接时效后,合金中弥散析出的细小γ″相是有效提高合金蠕变寿命的主要原因。在蠕变期间,合金的变形特征是孪晶及位错在基体中滑移;蠕变后期,在与应力轴垂直的晶界处首先出现微裂纹,随蠕变进行,微裂纹沿晶界扩展并发生沿晶断裂。     

DP165高速铣削中心在叶片精铸模具加工中的应用及UG软件编程方法的探讨

首先简要介绍了DP165高速铣削中心的结构特点,然后以加工精铸叶片模具榫头部分零件来介绍UG软件如何编程和机床的实际应用情况。     

The Cassini Visual And Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (Vims) Investigation

The Cassini visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) investigation is a multidisciplinary study of the Saturnian system. Visual and near-infrared imaging spectroscopy and high-speed spectrophotometry are the observational techniques. The scope of the investigation includes the rings, the surfaces of the icy satellites and Titan, and the atmospheres of Saturn and Titan. In this paper, we will elucidate the major scientific and measurement goals of the investigation, the major characteristics of the Cassini VIMS instrument, the instrument calibration, and operation, and the results of the recent Cassini flybys of Venus and the Earth–Moon system.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

The Cassini Cosmic Dust Analyzer

The Cassini-Huygens Cosmic Dust Analyzer (CDA) is intended to provide direct observations of dust grains with masses between 10⁻¹⁹ and 10⁻⁹ kg in interplanetary space and in the jovian and saturnian systems, to investigate their physical, chemical and dynamical properties as functions of the distances to the Sun, to Jupiter and to Saturn and its satellites and rings, to study their interaction with the saturnian rings, satellites and magnetosphere. Chemical composition of interplanetary meteoroids will be compared with asteroidal and cometary dust, as well as with Saturn dust, ejecta from rings and satellites. Ring and satellites phenomena which might be effects of meteoroid impacts will be compared with the interplanetary dust environment. Electrical charges of particulate matter in the magnetosphere and its consequences will be studied, e.g. the effects of the ambient plasma and the magnetic field on the trajectories of dust particles as well as fragmentation of particles due to electrostatic disruption.The investigation will be performed with an instrument that measures the mass, composition, electric charge, speed, and flight direction of individual dust particles. It is a highly reliable and versatile instrument with a mass sensitivity 10⁶ times higher than that of the Pioneer 10 and 11 dust detectors which measured dust in the saturnian system. The Cosmic Dust Analyzer has significant inheritance from former space instrumentation developed for the VEGA, Giotto, Galileo, and Ulysses missions. It will reliably measure impacts from as low as 1 impact per month up to 10⁴ impacts per second. The instrument weighs 17 kg and consumes 12 W, the integrated time-of-flight mass spectrometer has a mass resolution of up to 50. The nominal data transmission rate is 524 bits/s and varies between 50 and 4192 bps.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Interaction of mental and orthostatic stressors

We assessed hemodynamic responses induced by orthostatic and mental stressors, using passive head up tilt (HUT) and mental arithmetic (MA), respectively. The 15 healthy males underwent three protocols: (1) HUT alone, (2) MA in supine position and (3) MA+HUT, with sessions randomized and ≥2 weeks apart. In relation to baseline, HUT increased heart rate (HR) (+20.4±7.1 bpm; p<0.001), mean blood pressure (MBP) (+4.7±11.3 mmHg; p<0.05), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (+6.1±11.6 mmHg; p<0.05) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) (+155±232 dyne*s/cm⁵; p<0.001) but decreased stroke volume (SV) (?33.1±13.4 ml; p<0.001) and cardiac output (CO) (?0.6±1.0 l/min; p<0.01). MA increased HR (+8.0±6.0 bpm; p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (+9.0±7.7 mmHg; p<0.001), MBP (+10.0±6.5 mmHg; p<0.001), DBP (+9.5±7.2 mmHg; p<0.001) and CO (+0.6±0.8 l/min; p<0.01). MA+HUT increased HR (+28.8±8.4 bpm; p<0.001), SBP (+4.6±14.3 mmHg; p<0.05), MBP (+11.2±11.6 mmHg; p<0.001), DBP (+13.5±10.1 mmHg; p<0.001) and TPR (+160±199 dyne*s/cm⁵; p<0.001) but SV (?34.5±14.6 ml; p<0.001) decreased. Mental challenge during orthostatic challenge elicited greater increases in heart rate, despite similar reductions in stroke volume such as those during orthostatic stress alone. Overall, cardiac output decreases were less with combinations of mental and orthostatic challenges in comparison to orthostasis alone. This would suggest that carefully chosen mental stressors might affect orthostatic responses of people on standing up. Therefore, additional mental loading could be a useful countermeasure to alleviate the orthostatic responses of persons, particularly in those with histories of dizziness on standing up or on return to earth from the spaceflight environment of microgravity.     

Analytic expansions of luni-solar gravity perturbations along rotating axes for trajectory optimization—Part 2: The multipliers system and simulations

An efficient self-contained trajectory optimization software is generated by making use of de Pontécoulant's analytic lunar theory removing the need for an outside third body ephemeris program to compute the lunar and solar position vectors at each integration step. The accelerations being further resolved along the rotating Euler–Hill frame after expansion to third order in the spacecraft radial distance, the adjoint differential equations are derived in a direct manner complementing the generation of the dynamic system of equations for full compatibility. Because the variation of parameters equations are cast in terms of the nonsingular equinoctial elements with the perturbation accelerations resolved in their analytic form along the rotating axes, the adjoint equations are also derived in the same manner providing a highly efficient and accurate system of equations for rapid computations in conjunction with Aerospace Corporation's NLP2 nonlinear programming codes to search for the initial values of the multipliers that steer the spacecraft towards its target orbit in minimum time. Numerical simulations show that the solutions obtained by the analysis developed in this paper are essentially identical to the more indirect approach based on the use of inertial accelerations obtained from a separate ephemeris generator and subsequent conversions to the thrust frame and equinoctial system.     

平面交叉口混合交通流建模与仿真

在混合交通条件下,交通参与者成分复杂,各种交通方式速度各异,交通冲突频繁。特别是在交叉口机动车与非机动车相互干扰,带来了安全、效率、污染等多方面问题。本文首先介绍我国混合交通流的特点,然后对自行车个体微观行为进行定性的描述分析。通过对实际信号交叉口的调查研究,和对机动车流率与非机动车到达与释放规律的模型建立与定量计算。分析总结出平面交叉口机非干扰的一般规律和冲突避让原则。根据实测数据,结合视频处理和统计软件的使用通过计算直行与左转非机动车换算系数,提出了改进的机动车延误时间模型,并通过使用VISSIM3．6进行微观仿真验证了模型的有效性。     

弱刚度结构件的加工变形控制技术研究

针对弱刚度结构件加工变形难以控制的问题,在对其加工难点和加工变形影响因素进行概括的基础上,提出了弱刚度结构件加工变形控制的工艺改进过程框图,从七个方面对其加工变形控制技术进行了研究。     

小型辐射定标光学系统的光机热集成分析

卫星遥感器辐射定标光机系统在模拟空间环境下的热学光学特性会影响辐射定标试验的精度。文章针对离轴抛物镜和辅助平面反射镜组成的小型定标光学系统,利用光机热集成分析技术建立其有限元模型,在模拟空间环境下进行热变形分析;选用在单位圆内正交的Zernike多项式作为基底函数,采用最小二乘法完成了离轴抛物镜面形的拟合;将相关数据读入光学软件,分析了该系统在模拟空间环境下的像质变化。结果表明:温度梯度对定标光机系统的影响主要表现在光学平台的刚性位移,对抛物镜面形影响非常小,光学系统像质变化量约为λ/37。最后,通过与刀口仪法的像质原位测量结果对比,证明了光机热集成分析结果的准确性。     

扩频测控信号大动态信息频域加载方法

针对静态扩频测控信号的大动态信息加载,提出一种基于数字化处理的频域高精度加载方法。方法采用不同的处理方法分别对两路信号加入动态信息,其中一路通过FFT和频谱搬移加入载波多普勒信息,另一路通过对扩频码进行延时处理得到包含动态信息的扩频码,并使用第二路信号对第一路信号进行调整,从而实现原始扩频测控信号的动态信息加载。仿真结果表明,方法可以保留原信号内载波和扩频码的相关性以及原始信号中可以反映信道等特性的噪声,同时实现动态信息的高精度加载。