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861.
I. G. Mitrofanov A. Bartels Y. I. Bobrovnitsky W. Boynton G. Chin H. Enos L. Evans S. Floyd J. Garvin D. V. Golovin A. S. Grebennikov K. Harshman L. L. Kazakov J. Keller A. A. Konovalov A. S. Kozyrev A. R. Krylov M. L. Litvak A. V. Malakhov T. McClanahan G. M. Milikh M. I. Mokrousov S. Ponomareva R. Z. Sagdeev A. B. Sanin V. V. Shevchenko V. N. Shvetsov R. Starr G. N. Timoshenko T. M. Tomilina V. I. Tretyakov J. Trombka V. S. Troshin V. N. Uvarov A. B. Varennikov A. A. Vostrukhin 《Space Science Reviews》2010,150(1-4):183-207
The design of the Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) experiment is presented, which was optimized to address several of the primary measurement requirements of NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO): high spatial resolution hydrogen mapping of the Moon’s upper-most surface, identification of putative deposits of appreciable near-surface water ice in the Moon’s polar cold traps, and characterization of the human-relevant space radiation environment in lunar orbit. A comprehensive program of LEND instrument physical calibrations is discussed and the baseline scenario of LEND observations from the primary LRO lunar orbit is presented. LEND data products will be useful for determining the next stages of the emerging global lunar exploration program, and they will facilitate the study of the physics of hydrogen implantation and diffusion in the regolith, test the presence of water ice deposits in lunar cold polar traps, and investigate the role of neutrons within the radiation environment of the shallow lunar surface. 相似文献
862.
A. P. Paramonov 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2010,53(2):121-125
Problems of improving the efficiency of design works in the process of space-rocket complex (SRC) updating are considered.
The methodical foundation for the expert system application to form promising technical solutions in studying the flight vehicle
(FV) modification is presented. 相似文献
863.
Basic principles of a mathematical model for disk-wing aircraft balancing and evaluation of power expenditure for flight as
compared with a helicopter are presented. 相似文献
864.
Methodology of constructing a stationary multichannel flow aerometric receiver using the effects of deceleration and throttling
of an incoming airflow and their circular transformation in the yaw plane is considered. The mathematical models and algorithms
for processing primary informative signals entering along the channels of speed, altitude, angles of attack and slip of the
helicopter air data system constructed on the basis of the aerometric receiver being proposed are obtained. 相似文献
865.
E. N. Bogomolov S. M. Piotukh I. A. Simonov V. A. Uglov 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2010,53(4):416-420
A method for calculating the flowrate of the gas flowing through the cellular insert cells over the labyrinth seal strip is
proposed. The gas density is taken to be average with respect to the decisive section. It is assumed that jets flowing out
of cells disrupt the direct flow of the labyrinth seal. A practical implementation of the method is confirmed by the known
experimental data. 相似文献
866.
A. I. Golovanov 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2010,53(2):161-166
A technique for numerical finite element analysis of large elastoplastic strains is proposed. A problem is formulated in terms
of principal stretches and their logarithms in the current basis of the left distortion tensor. It is shown that the “classical”
multiplicative decomposition of the total strain gradient into the product of elastic and plastic strain gradients is equivalent
to the presentation of total stretches as a product of elastic and plastic stretches. 相似文献
867.
We reveal a functional diagram, design features of a receiver electrode system, a principle of forming primary informative
signals, a technique for synthesizing angular characteristics and estimating indicated errors, channel realization and algorithms
of forming output signals of an ionmarking aerodynamic angle and airspeed sensor with logometric informative signals and interpolation
processing scheme. 相似文献
868.
Using the results of numerical modeling of nonstationary gas hydrodynamic working processes in the gas conduit variable section
channel when removing and cooling hot gases of different purpose technical plants, an engineering technique has been developed
to provide the gas conduit operation under limitations on the flow temperature in the outlet plant section. A multiparametric
area of permissible gas conduit operation connecting the characteristics of technical plants, gas conduit and water feeding
system is presented. 相似文献
869.
A. T. Y. Lui 《Space Science Reviews》2011,158(1):43-68
Electric currents permeate space plasmas and often have a significant component along the magnetic field to form magnetic
flux ropes. A larger spatial perspective of these structures than from the direct observation along the satellite path is
crucial in visualizing their role in plasma dynamics. For magnetic flux ropes that are approximately two-dimensional equilibrium
structures on a certain plane, Grad-Shafranov reconstruction technique, developed by Bengt Sonnerup and his colleagues (see
Sonnerup et al. in J. Geophys. Res. 111:A09204, 2006), can be used to reveal two-dimensional maps of associated plasma and field parameters. This review gives a brief account
of the technique and its application to magnetic flux ropes near the Earth’s magnetopause, in the solar wind, and in the magnetotail.
From this brief survey, the ranges of the total field-aligned current and the total magnetic flux content for these magnetic
flux ropes are assessed. The total field-aligned current is found to range from ∼0.14 to ∼9.7×104 MA, a range of nearly six orders of magnitude. The total magnetic flux content is found to range from ∼0.25 to ∼2.3×106 MWb, a range of nearly seven orders of magnitude. To the best of our knowledge, this review reports the largest range of
both the total field-aligned current and the total magnetic flux content for magnetic flux ropes in space plasmas. 相似文献
870.
G.D. Aburjania K.Z. Chargazia O.A. Kharshiladze 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
The linear mechanism of generation, intensification and further nonlinear dynamics of internal gravity waves (IGW) in stably stratified dissipative ionosphere with non-uniform zonal wind (shear flow) is studied. In case of the shear flows the operators of linear problem are non-selfadjoint, and the corresponding Eigen functions – nonorthogonal. Thus, canonical – modal approach is of less use studying such motions. Non-modal mathematical analysis becomes more adequate for such problems. On the basis of non-modal approach, the equations of dynamics and the energy transfer of IGW disturbances in the ionosphere with a shear flow is obtained. Exact analytical solutions of the linear as well as the nonlinear dynamic equations of the problem are built. The increment of shear instability of IGW is defined. It is revealed that the transient amplification of IGW disturbances due time does not flow exponentially, but in algebraic – power law manner. The effectiveness of the linear amplification mechanism of IGW at interaction with non-uniform zonal wind is analyzed. It is shown that at initial linear stage of evolution IGW effectively temporarily draws energy from the shear flow significantly increasing (by an order of magnitude) own amplitude and energy. With amplitude growth the nonlinear mechanism turns on and the process ends with self-organization of nonlinear solitary, strongly localized IGW vortex structures (the monopole vortex, the transverse vortex chain or the longitudinal vortex street). Accumulation of these vortices in the ionospheric medium can create the strongly turbulent state. 相似文献