全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2834篇 |
免费 | 7篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
航空 | 1295篇 |
航天技术 | 1167篇 |
综合类 | 14篇 |
航天 | 373篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 27篇 |
2018年 | 58篇 |
2017年 | 26篇 |
2016年 | 40篇 |
2015年 | 12篇 |
2014年 | 62篇 |
2013年 | 77篇 |
2012年 | 68篇 |
2011年 | 92篇 |
2010年 | 66篇 |
2009年 | 119篇 |
2008年 | 190篇 |
2007年 | 83篇 |
2006年 | 70篇 |
2005年 | 68篇 |
2004年 | 76篇 |
2003年 | 93篇 |
2002年 | 64篇 |
2001年 | 87篇 |
2000年 | 55篇 |
1999年 | 60篇 |
1998年 | 78篇 |
1997年 | 52篇 |
1996年 | 60篇 |
1995年 | 87篇 |
1994年 | 86篇 |
1993年 | 51篇 |
1992年 | 70篇 |
1991年 | 36篇 |
1990年 | 30篇 |
1989年 | 68篇 |
1988年 | 24篇 |
1987年 | 30篇 |
1986年 | 28篇 |
1985年 | 102篇 |
1984年 | 73篇 |
1983年 | 66篇 |
1982年 | 77篇 |
1981年 | 88篇 |
1980年 | 29篇 |
1979年 | 39篇 |
1978年 | 25篇 |
1977年 | 17篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1975年 | 11篇 |
1974年 | 14篇 |
1973年 | 15篇 |
1972年 | 14篇 |
1970年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有2849条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
Charged-particle mutagenesis II. Mutagenic effects of high energy charged particles in normal human fibroblasts. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
D J Chen K Tsuboi T Nguyen T C Yang 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1994,14(10):347-354
The biological effects of high LET charged particles are a subject of great concern with regard to the prediction of radiation risk in space. In this report, mutagenic effects of high LET charged particles are quantitatively measured using primary cultures of human skin fibroblasts, and the spectrum of induced mutations are analyzed. The LET of the charged particles ranged from 25 KeV/micrometer to 975 KeV/micrometer with particle energy (on the cells) between 94-603 MeV/u. The X-chromosome linked hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) locus was used as the target gene. Exposure to these high LET charged particles resulted in exponential survival curves; whereas, mutation induction was fitted by a linear model. The Relative Biological Effect (RBE) for cell-killing ranged from 3.73 to 1.25, while that for mutant induction ranged from 5.74 to 0.48. Maximum RBE values were obtained at the LET of 150 keV/micrometer. The inactivation cross-section (alpha i) and the action cross-section for mutant induction (alpha m) ranged from 2.2 to 92.0 micrometer2 and 0.09 to 5.56 x 10(-3) micrometer2, respectively. The maximum values were obtained by 56Fe with an LET of 200 keV/micrometer. The mutagenicity (alpha m/alpha i) ranged from 2.05 to 7.99 x 10(-5) with the maximum value at 150 keV/micrometer. Furthermore, molecular analysis of mutants induced by charged particles indicates that higher LET beams are more likely to cause larger deletions in the hprt locus. 相似文献
112.
T.L. Zhang H. Zhao C.T. Russell S.M. Petrinec K. Schwingenschun W. Riedler 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1997,19(12):1943-1946
The northward and southward orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is usually considered as providing the external boundary conditions in the solar wind interaction with the Earth's magnetopause but it is the magnetic field in the magnetosheath that interacts with the Earth's magnetic field. In this paper, we consider the possibility that the wave activity in the foreshock region may affect the magnetic field orientation in the magnetosheath with time scales that might be geomagnetically effective. If magnetosheath magnetic field becomes disturbed on plasma streamlines which are connected to the quasi-parallel bow shock and foreshock, the magnetic field orientation on the inner magnetosheath may differ significantly from the undisturbed IMF. We present a model of dayside reconnection which may occur when the IMF northward and illustrate its effects on the erosion of the magnetopause. 相似文献
113.
L. E. Floyd D. K. Prinz P. C. Crane L. C. Herring 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2002,29(12):296-1962
The Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SUSIM) aboard the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) has been measuring solar UV irradiances since October 1991, a period which includes the decline of solar cycle 22 followed by the rise of cycle 23. Daily solar measurements include scans over the wavelength range 115–410 nm at 1.1 nm resolution. As expected, the measured time series of UV irradiances exhibit strong periodicities in solar cycle and solar rotation. For all wavelengths, the UV irradiance time series are similar to that of the Mg II core-to-wing ratio. During solar cycle 22, the irradiance of the strong Ly- line varied by more than a factor of two. The peak-to-peak irradiance variation declined with increasing wavelength, reaching 10% just below the Al edge at 208 nm. Between the Al edge and 250 nm the variation was 6–7%. Above 250 nm, the variation declines further until none is observed above 290 nm. Preliminary results for the first portion of cycle 23 indicate that the far UV below the Al edge is rising at about the same rate as the Mg II index while the irradiances in the Ly- emission line and for wavelengths longer than the Al edge are rising more slowly — even after accounting for the lower level of activity of cycle 23. 相似文献
114.
The effects of microgravity on induced mutation in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
A Takahashi K Ohnishi S Takahashi M Masukawa K Sekikawa T Amano T Nakano S Nagaoka T Ohnishi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2001,28(4):555-561
We examined whether microgravity influences the induced-mutation frequencies through in vivo experiments during space flight aboard the space shuttle Discovery (STS-91). We prepared dried samples of repair-deficient strains and parental strains of Escherichia (E.) coli and Saccharomyces (S.) cerevisiae given DNA damage treatment. After culture in space, we measured the induced-mutation frequencies and SOS-responses under microgravity. The experimental findings indicate that almost the same induced-mutation frequencies and SOS-responses of space samples were observed in both strains compared with the ground control samples. It is suggested that microgravity might not influence induced-mutation frequencies and SOS-responses at the stages of DNA replication and/or DNA repair. In addition, we developed a new experimental apparatus for space experiments to culture and freeze stocks of E. coli and S. cerevisiae cells. 相似文献
115.
M. M. Freund T. Hirao T. Matsumoto S. Sato T. Watabe G. K. Brubaker L. Duband B. Grossman N. Larkin S. Lumetta A. E. Lange 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1993,13(12):505-508
We describe the design and calibration of the Far-Infrared Photometer (FIRP), one of four focal plane instruments on the Infrared Telescope in Space (IRTS). The FIRP will provide absolute photometry in four bands centered at 150, 250, 400, and 700 μm with spectral resolution λ/Δλ ≈ 3 and spatial resolution ΔΘ = 0.5 degrees. High sensitivity is achieved by using bolometric detectors operated at 300 mK in an AC bridge circuit. The closed-cycle 3He refrigerator can be recycled in orbit. A 2 K shutter provides a zero reference for each field of view. More than 10% of the sky will be surveyed during the ≈3 week mission lifetime with a sensitivity of <10−13 W·cm−2·sr−1 per 0.5 degree pixel. 相似文献
116.
V D Kern S Bhattacharya R N Bowman F M Donovan C Elland T F Fahlen B Girten M Kirven-Brooks K Lagel G B Meeker O Santos 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2001,27(5):1023-1030
During the construction phase of the International Space Station (ISS), early flight opportunities have been identified (including designated Utilization Flights, UF) on which early science experiments may be performed. The focus of NASA's and other agencies' biological studies on the early flight opportunities is cell and molecular biology; with UF-1 scheduled to fly in fall 2001, followed by flights 8A and UF-3. Specific hardware is being developed to verify design concepts, e.g., the Avian Development Facility for incubation of small eggs and the Biomass Production System for plant cultivation. Other hardware concepts will utilize those early research opportunities onboard the ISS, e.g., an Incubator for sample cultivation, the European Modular Cultivation System for research with small plant systems, an Insect Habitat for support of insect species. Following the first Utilization Flights, additional equipment will be transported to the ISS to expand research opportunities and capabilities, e.g., a Cell Culture Unit, the Advanced Animal Habitat for rodents, an Aquatic Facility to support small fish and aquatic specimens, a Plant Research Unit for plant cultivation, and a specialized Egg Incubator for developmental biology studies. Host systems (Figure 1A, B: see text), e.g., a 2.5 m Centrifuge Rotor (g-levels from 0.01-g to 2-g) for direct comparisons between g and selectable g levels, the Life Sciences Glovebox for contained manipulations, and Habitat Holding Racks (Figure 1B: see text) will provide electrical power, communication links, and cooling to the habitats. Habitats will provide food, water, light, air and waste management as well as humidity and temperature control for a variety of research organisms. Operators on Earth and the crew on the ISS will be able to send commands to the laboratory equipment to monitor and control the environmental and experimental parameters inside specific habitats. Common laboratory equipment such as microscopes, cryo freezers, radiation dosimeters, and mass measurement devices are also currently in design stages by NASA and the ISS international partners. 相似文献
117.
J.-P. Delaboudiniere R.A. Stern A. Maucherat F. Portier-Fozzani W.M. Neupert J.B. Gurman R.C. Catura J.R. Lemen L. Shing G.E. Artzner J. Brunaud A.H. Gabriel D.J. Michels J.D. Moses B. Au K.P. Dere R.A. Howard R. Kreplin J.M. Defise C. Jamar P. Rochus J.P. Chauvineau J.P. Marioge F. Clette P. Cugnon E.L. Van Dessel 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1997,20(12):2231-2237
The SOHO (SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory) satellite was launched on December 2nd 1995. After arriving at the Earth-Sun (L1) Lagrangian point on February 14th 1996, it began to continuously observe the Sun. As one of the instruments onboard SOHO, the EIT (Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope) images the Sun's corona in 4 EUV wavelengths. The He II filter at 304 Å images the chromosphere and the base of the transition region at a temperature of 5 − 8 × 104 K; the Fe IX–X filter at 171 Å images the corona at a temperature of 1.3 × 106 K; the Fe XII filter at 195 Å images the quiet corona outside coronal holes at a temperature of 1.6 × 106 K; and the Fe XV filter at 284 Å images active regions with a temperature of 2.0 × 106 K. About 5000 images have been obtained up to the present. In this paper, we describe also some aspects of the telescope and the detector performance for application in the observations. Images and movies of all the wavelengths allow a look at different phenomena present in the Sun's corona, and in particular, magnetic field reconnection. 相似文献
118.
K Dose A Bieger-Dose R Dillmann M Gill O Kerz A Klein C Stridde 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1996,18(12):51-60
The response of spores of Bacillus subtilis, cells of Deinococcus radiodurans and conidia of Aspergillus ochraceus to actual and simulated space conditions (UV in combination with long-term exposure to extremely dry conditions, including vacuum) has been studied: The following effects have been analyzed: decrease of viability, occurrence of DNA double strand breaks, formation of DNA-protein cross-links and DNA-DNA cross-links. All organisms show an increased sensitivity to UV light in extreme dryness (dry argon or vacuum) compared to an irradiation in aqueous suspension. The UV irradiation leads in all cases to a variety of DNA lesions. Very conspicuous is the occurrence of double strand breaks. Most of these double strand breaks are produced by incomplete repair of other lesions, especially base damages. The increase in DNA lesions can be correlated to the loss in viability. The specific response of the chromosomal DNA to UV irradiation in extreme dryness, however, varies from species to species and depends on the state of dehydration. The formation of DNA double strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links prevails in the case of B. subtilis spores. In cells of Deinococcus radiodurans DNA-DNA cross-links often predominate, in conidia of Aspergillus ochraceus double strand breaks. The results obtained by direct exposure to space conditions (EURECA mission and D2 mission) largely agree with the laboratory data. 相似文献
119.
A. Kiraga Z. K
os V. N. Oraevsky V. C. Dokukin S. A. Pulinets 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1995,15(12):21-24
There were several cases when modulated electron beam had been injected from APEX satellite into an otherwise unmodified ionospheric plasma. The beams were formed from 2 μs pulses repeated at a rate of 40kHz. Injections took place in the altitude range 400–1100km over Europe. The onboard receiver connected to the dipole antenna swept the frequency interval 1–10 MHz in 1 sec. Due to a relatively narrow receiver bandwidth (15 kHz), moderate frequency step (50 kHz), slow changes of fn and fc (local electron plasma and gyro frequencies) fine structure of excited emissions was detected. In many cases, a very prominent doublet could be convincingly identified as a (fn,fu=sqrt(fn*fn+fc*fc)) band, with fn practically equal to the local plasma frequency in the unperturbed ionosphere. Determination of plasma frequency is of prime importance in analysis of complex structures composed from various harmonics fn,fc,fu. Complexity is manifested as coalescing of various harmonics with maxima shifted from nominal frequencies or splitting them into components due to mixing of local and propagation effects. Despite the existence of strong emissions on frequencies characteristic for the unperturbed ionosphere, very strong broadcasting transmissions are frequently cut off, even when the beam is directed upward. Most typical spectra are discussed. 相似文献
120.
用推力矢量控制技术改进超声速飞行器空气动力特性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了提高某超声速飞机的空气动力学效率和机动性能,本文采用低阶的三维板块法和DATCOM半经验公式,在亚声速和超声速条件下,对不同马赫数和迎角情况计算了基本气动外形的飞机空气动力学特性、表面压力分布以及最大升力。此外还开发了一套软件以实现由引进的先进气动操纵面(如鸭翼等)控制的二维推力矢量技术。试验结果表明:气动操纵面结合推力矢量技术能够产生足够的低头力矩,且有能力满足高度机动飞行时的稳定性要求。此外,不论是亚声速还是超声速飞行,气动操纵面均可以提高气动效率5%-6%。 相似文献