Japanese telescience technology development for JEM and its utilization

Recognizing the importance of the telescience technology for the efficient and improved space environment utilization in JEM, we have undertaken telescience technology development since 1987. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the recent status of our telescience activity, the results of the testbed experiments in these years, and the new activities for the initial JEM operation and its future utilization.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW PATTERNS IN PLANAR JETS

INTRODUCTIONTurbulent jet flow is the most widely usedflow type in engineering applications especiallyfor combustion engines which provide most ener-gy sources for industrial production and trans-portation,and a large proportion of energy trans-portation and conversion processes is dominatedby transient evolution of large- scale structures,or so called coherent structures,in turbulentjets.As the flow control and optimization pro-cesses are closely related to the understanding ofdetailed in…     

一个包括气相和亚表面反应的过氯酸铵复合推进剂的点火模型

本文提出了 Ap 基复合推进剂点火的一个综合模型及其数值解。这一分析模拟位于滞止区的推进剂试样在快速加压条件下的点火过程。本模型的特点包括:a)考虑了 Ap 基复合推进剂点火的详细的化学动力学资料;b)推进剂几何形状是二维(轴对称)的;c)考虑了气相中压力迅速增加对点燃过程的影响。使用隐式有限差分格式求解瞬态二阶联立、非齐次、非线性偏微分控制方程组。数值解揭示在点火阶段顺序发生的一系列重要事件,包括:点火器气体流入接近样品表面的区域;压缩波到达处未燃成份的燃烧;向推进剂传热;氧化剂和燃烧剂的高温分解;气相反应导致点燃。这个模型正确地预测了实验观察到的现象:随着增压速率提高,点火延迟时间缩短。采用文中考虑的不同点火准则都得到和试验一样的趋势。     

CMOS 集成硅压力传感器特性的线性分析

作者对最新设计的具有方形硅膜片的 CMOS 集成硅压力传感器的特性进行了理论的和实验的分析。结果表明:传感器的非线性是由硅膜片的大幅度偏折(deflecti-on)和压阻元件的非线性压阻特性所引起的。文章还指出了将非线性减至最小程度时传感器的最佳结构形式。对所制得的压力传感器的非线性作了测量,其值与数学分析值十分吻合。     

Early renal changes in 45 degrees HDT rats

Background: Both microgravity and simulated microgravity models, such as the 45HDT (45 degrees head-down tilt), cause a redistribution of body fluids indicating a possible adaptive process to the microgravity stressor. Understanding the physiological processes that occur in microgravity is a first step to developing countermeasures to stop its harmful effects, i.e., (edema, motion sickness) during long-term space flights. Hypothesis: Because of the kidneys' functional role in the regulation of fluid volume in the body, it plays a key role in the body's adaptation to microgravity. Methods: Rats were injected intramuscularly with a radioactive tracer and then lightly anesthetized in order to facilitate their placement in the 45HDT position. They were then placed in the 45HDT position using a specially designed ramp (45HDT group) or prone position (control group) for an experimental time period of 1 h. During this period, the 99mTc-DTPA (technetium-labeled diethylenepentaacetate, MW=492 amu, physical half-life of 6.02 h) radioactive tracer clearance rate was determined by measuring gamma counts per minute. The kidneys were then fixed and sectioned for electron microscopy. A point counting method was used to quantitate intracellular spaces of the kidney proximal tubules. Results: 45HDT animals show a significantly (p=0.0001) increased area in the interstitial space of the proximal tubules. Conclusions: There are significant changes in the kidneys during a 1 h exposure to a simulated microgravity environment that consist primarily of anatomical alterations in the kidney proximal tubules. The kidneys also appear to respond differently to the initial periods of head-down tilt.     

Psychophysiological reactivity under Mir-simulation and real micro-G

A complex psychophysiological test battery (ECG, blood pressure, SCL, finger temperature e.t.c.) was applied on two subjects in space. It could be shown that the subjects react under space conditions differently than on earth. The data received could be classified into four types of regulation. The subjects changed this type of regulation during the flight and returned to their former pattern after the flight.     

Hydrogeologic controls on episodic H2 release from precambrian fractured rocks--energy for deep subsurface life on earth and mars

Dissolved H(2) concentrations up to the mM range and H(2) levels up to 9-58% by volume in the free gas phase are reported for groundwaters at sites in the Precambrian shields of Canada and Finland. Along with previously reported dissolved H(2) concentrations up to 7.4 mM for groundwaters from the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa, these findings indicate that deep Precambrian Shield fracture waters contain some of the highest levels of dissolved H(2) ever reported and represent a potentially important energy-rich environment for subsurface microbial life. The delta (2)H isotope signatures of H(2) gas from Canada, Finland, and South Africa are consistent with a range of H(2)-producing water-rock reactions, depending on the geologic setting, which include both serpentinization and radiolysis. In Canada and Finland, several of the sites are in Archean greenstone belts characterized by ultramafic rocks that have under-gone serpentinization and may be ancient analogues for serpentinite-hosted gases recently reported at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field and other hydrothermal seafloor deposits. The hydrogeologically isolated nature of these fracture-controlled groundwater systems provides a mechanism whereby the products of water-rock interaction accumulate over geologic timescales, which produces correlations between high H(2) levels, abiogenic hydrocarbon signatures, and the high salinities and highly altered delta (18)O and delta (2)H values of these groundwaters. A conceptual model is presented that demonstrates how periodic opening of fractures and resultant mixing control the distribution and supply of H(2) and support a microbial community of H(2)-utilizing sulfate reducers and methanogens.     

飞机总体设计优化中的多目标方案优选方法

飞机概念设计多目标优化的结果基本决定了飞机的总体外形。为提高多目标优化结果解集的优选效率,在多目标方案对比评价方法和可视化辅助评价支持两方面对飞机多目标方案优选方法进行了研究。首先在研究了线性加权和法及欧氏加权距离法的基础上,提出了体现具体目标对比的基于等效多边形的等效面积评价法,并进行了改进。其次,采用量化指标初选与可视化目标对比及方案模型可视化精选相结合的方式,在概念设计平台上实现了多目标方案优选方法。最后在轻型战斗机概念方案多目标优化实例中利用提出的优选方法对优化非劣解集进行了优选,结果验证了可视化辅助评价支持的优选方法方便快速获取满意方案的有效性。     

On the survivability and detectability of terrestrial meteorites on the moon

Materials blasted into space from the surface of early Earth may preserve a unique record of our planet's early surface environment. Armstrong et al. (2002) pointed out that such materials, in the form of terrestrial meteorites, may exist on the Moon and be of considerable astrobiological interest if biomarkers from early Earth are preserved within them. Here, we report results obtained via the AUTODYN hydrocode to calculate the peak pressures within terrestrial meteorites on the lunar surface to assess their likelihood of surviving the impact. Our results confirm the order-of-magnitude estimates of Armstrong et al. (2002) that substantial survivability is to be expected, especially in the case of relatively low velocity (ca. 2.5 km/s) or oblique (相似文献