一种快速爬升和快速下降的奇异摄动最优中制导律设计

利用非线性奇异摄动系统2点约束最优问题的结论,在分析导弹质心运动方程两时间尺度特性的基础上,提出了一种计算量较小、较简单的奇异摄动最优中制导律,并对此制导律进行进一步修正,得到一种快速爬升和快速下降的奇异摄动最优中制导律。将此制导规律用于高超音速巡航导弹上,进行了三维弹道仿真,取得了满意结果,证明高超音速巡航导弹应用此改进的奇异摄动最优中制导律是可行的、可靠的。     

Cyanobacterial emergence at 2.8 gya and greenhouse feedbacks

Apparent cyanobacterial emergence at about 2.8 Gya coincides with the negative excursion in the organic carbon isotope record, which is the first strong evidence for the presence of atmospheric methane. The existence of weathering feedbacks in the carbonate-silicate cycle suggests that atmospheric and oceanic CO2 concentrations would have been high prior to the presence of a methane greenhouse (and thus the ocean would have had high bicarbonate concentrations). With the onset of a methane greenhouse, carbon dioxide concentrations would decrease. Bicarbonate has been proposed as the preferred reductant that preceded water for oxygenic photosynthesis in a bacterial photosynthetic precursor to cyanobacteria; with the drop of carbon dioxide level, Archean cyanobacteria emerged using water as a reductant instead of bicarbonate (Dismukes et al., 2001). Our thermodynamic calculations, with regard to this scenario, give at least a tenfold drop in aqueous CO2 levels with the onset of a methane-dominated greenhouse, assuming surface temperatures of about 60 degrees C and a drop in the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide from about 1 to 0.1 bars. The buildup of atmospheric methane could have been triggered by the boost in oceanic organic productivity that arose from the emergence of pre-cyanobacterial oxygenic phototrophy at about 2.8-3.0 Gya; high temperatures may have precluded an earlier emergence. A greenhouse transition timescale on the order of 50-100 million years is consistent with results from modeling the carbonate-silicate cycle. This is an alternative hypothesis to proposals of a tectonic driver for this apparent greenhouse transition.     

机动飞行条件下带挤压油膜阻尼器的Jeffcott转子系统的振动特性

建立了带挤压油膜阻尼器的Jeffcott转子系统的运动微分方程,研究了机动飞行条件下转子系统的振动特性。结果表明,机动飞行对转子系统振动的影响是明显的,机动飞行所产生的附加离心力和附加陀螺力矩将改变挤压油膜阻尼器的受力;SFD能够有效地抑制瞬态振动,起到快速稳定系统的作用。      

A Review of Density Holes Upstream of Earth's Bow Shock

Larmor size transient structures with density depletions as large as 99% of ambient solar wind density levels occur commonly upstream of Earth＇s collisionless bow shock. These ＂density holes＂ have a me...     

对下一代卫星操作控制的系统研究

自１９７５年发射首颗ＥＴＳ－１卫星以来，总计已发射了２８颗ＮＡＳＤＡ卫星。关于卫星的操作，ＮＡＳＤＡ已经开发了实时遥测／遥控处理系统，可通用于不同类型卫星。     

Iron-sulfide-bearing chimneys as potential catalytic energy traps at life's emergence

The concept that life emerged where alkaline hydrogen-bearing submarine hot springs exhaled into the most ancient acidulous ocean was used as a working hypothesis to investigate the nature of precipitate membranes. Alkaline solutions at 25-70°C and pH between 8 and 12, bearing HS(-)±silicate, were injected slowly into visi-jars containing ferrous chloride to partially simulate the early ocean on this or any other wet and icy, geologically active rocky world. Dependent on pH and sulfide content, fine tubular chimneys and geodal bubbles were generated with semipermeable walls 4-100?μm thick that comprised radial platelets of nanometric mackinawite [FeS]±ferrous hydroxide [～Fe(OH)(2)], accompanied by silica and, at the higher temperature, greigite [Fe(3)S(4)]. Within the chimney walls, these platelets define a myriad of micropores. The interior walls of the chimneys host iron sulfide framboids, while, in cases where the alkaline solution has a pH>11 or relatively low sulfide content, their exteriors exhibit radial flanges with a spacing of ～4?μm that comprise microdendrites of ferrous hydroxide. We speculate that this pattern results from outward and inward radial flow through the chimney walls. The outer Fe(OH)(2) flanges perhaps precipitate where the highly alkaline flow meets the ambient ferrous iron-bearing fluid, while the intervening troughs signal where the acidulous iron-bearing solutions could gain access to the sulfidic and alkaline interior of the chimneys, thereby leading to the precipitation of the framboids. Addition of soluble pentameric peptides enhances membrane durability and accentuates the crenulations on the chimney exteriors. These dynamic patterns may have implications for acid-base catalysis and the natural proton motive force acting through the matrix of the porous inorganic membrane. Thus, within such membranes, steep redox and pH gradients would bear across the nanometric platelets and separate the two counter-flowing solutions, a condition that may have led to the onset of an autotrophic metabolism through the reduction of carbon dioxide.     

降低直升机振动水平的桨叶襟翼主动控制技术综述

本文首先回顾了降低直升机振动水平的几类方法。之后主要介绍了目前国际上正在进行的基于桨叶后缘襟翼主动控制技术降低直升机振动水平的研究情况,包括基本原理、理论建模的基本特点、试验结果以及对理论方法的验证情况。最后阐述了该振动控制方法的技术潜力。