国外预研管理对我国民机科技发展的启示

首先对国外的装备预先研究管理体制和运行监督机制进行了介绍,以此得出我国民机科技发展中有关预研工作的几点启示。     

航空发动机转速摆动问题研究

针对某型航空发动机闭环转速控制器引起的转速摆动问题进行研究,分析得出转速控制器是一个典型的比例积分控制器,并建立了转速控制器的AMESim模型。通过模型得到转速控制器的频率特性,发现其截止频率与转速摆动频率重合。分析指出转速摆动量与比例控制器精度的关系,找到了转速摆动的根本原因,并通过设计稳态试验台实现了验证,指出了解决转速摆动和提高控制精度的方法。     

Comparison of Diurnal,Seasonal and Solar Cycle Variations of High-latitude,Mid-latitude and Low-latitude Ionosphere

Comparison of regular (diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle) variations of high-latitude,mid-latitude and low-latitude ionospheric characteristics has been provided on basis of local empirical models of the peak electron density and the peak height. The local empirical models were derived from the hand-scaled ionogram data recorded by DPS-4 digisondes located at Norilsk (69°N, 88°E), Irkutsk (52°N, 104°E) and Hainan (19°N, 109°E) for a 6-year period from December, 2002 to December, 2008. The technique used to build the local empirical model is described. The primary focus is diurnal-seasonal behavior under low solar activity and its change with increasing solar activity. Both common and specific features of the high-latitude (Norilsk), mid-latitude (Irkutsk) and low-latitude (Hainan) regular variations were revealed using their local empirical models.      

A facility for long-term Mars simulation experiments: the Mars Environmental Simulation Chamber (MESCH)

We describe the design, construction, and pilot operation of a Mars simulation facility comprised of a cryogenic environmental chamber, an atmospheric gas analyzer, and a xenon/mercury discharge source for UV generation. The Mars Environmental Simulation Chamber (MESCH) consists of a double-walled cylindrical chamber. The double wall provides a cooling mantle through which liquid N(2) can be circulated. A load-lock system that consists of a small pressure-exchange chamber, which can be evacuated, allows for the exchange of samples without changing the chamber environment. Fitted within the MESCH is a carousel, which holds up to 10 steel sample tubes. Rotation of the carousel is controlled by an external motor. Each sample in the carousel can be placed at any desired position. Environmental data, such as temperature, pressure, and UV exposure time, are computer logged and used in automated feedback mechanisms, enabling a wide variety of experiments that include time series. Tests of the simulation facility have successfully demonstrated its ability to produce temperature cycles and maintain low temperature (down to -140 degrees C), low atmospheric pressure (5-10 mbar), and a gas composition like that of Mars during long-term experiments.     

分布式SAR卫星偏航控制及精度要求

分布式SAR是一个复杂的协同工作编队多卫星系统,波束同步是实现干涉SAR的前提。针对分布式SAR卫星对偏航控制和波束同步要求的特点,文章对其两个重要参数多普勒中心频率fDC和多普勒中心频率差ΔfDC进行了详细分析,提出了沿迹基线的要求。利用偏航与俯仰联合控制来减小fDC,并提出了主、辅星采用相同的偏航控制角度、由相控阵天线实现波束同步的途径,以避免编队卫星面质比的差异。最后分析并得出了对姿态控制精度的要求。     

中频雷达风场的双谱分析

对中纬度中频雷达１９９７年６月８２ｋｍ高度的小时平均风场数据进行了动态谱分析和双谱分析,得到了中层顶区域谱行为具有多样性和各向异性的特点,以及行星波,潮汐波和重力波之间相位相干的现象,讨论了中层顶行星波,潮汐波和重力波之间存在非线性相互作用的可能性。     

国外星座卫星的规模化制造能力浅析

<正>近年来,全球低轨卫星星座加速组网,应用场景不断拓展,显示出极高的商业和军事价值,逐渐上升为国家战略,成为全球新一轮科技革命的主战场。特别是2020年以来,美国“星链”（Starlink）卫星呈现出高强密度部署态势,展现出极强的卫星规模化制造能力,引领了全世界卫星星座制造的发展。     

基于CFD/CSD/CAA耦合的声气动弹性仿真技术在壁板颤振中的应用

提出了一种基于计算空气动力学/计算结构动力学/计算气动声学（CFD/CSD/CAA）耦合的声气动弹性时域仿真方法。空气动力学和气动声学分别采用大涡模拟和Lighthill声比拟理论进行计算。采用D’Alembert原理和有限元方法建立了二维简支壁板在超声速流作用下的非线性动力学方程,并在时域内进行求解。其中几何非线性采用Von Karman大变形理论描述。以二维弹性壁板作为研究对象,研究了超音速流场中噪声、气动力、和壁板之间的相互作用所产生的非线性颤振现象。     

基于气动(气动噪声)/结构耦合仿真研究

声振综合力学环境是航空航天飞行器的重要环境之一。航天飞机或运载火箭、飞船在起飞段产生强噪声环境,这种强噪声会激发局部结构振动,损伤飞行硬件,所以飞行器强噪声环境和随机结构振动预示受到了各航空航天大国的重视。综述了国内外综合力学环境研究现状,提出了气动(气动噪声)/结构耦合思想,即基于物理声学、结构动力学以及空气动力学的三场耦合,对飞行器综合力学环境进行预示。分析了气动(气动噪声)/结构耦合综合力学环境仿真的关键技术,提出的仿真基本思路是在已有气动弹性研究的基础上引入噪声载荷,建立三场耦合平台。以舱段为研究对象,进行了气动/结构/声学(CFD/CSD/CAA)耦合建模及仿真,获得舱段时域结构响应,验证了方法的可行性。研究目的是拟开发空间飞行器结构/热/气动/气动噪声多力学耦合分析的仿真环境分析软件。为研究用于高超声速飞行器复杂力学环境预示积累理论基础。