Canada's role on space station

The paper addresses the evolution of the Canadian Space Station Program between 1981 and 2003. Discussions with potential international partners, aimed at jointly developing the current International Space Station program, were initiated by NASA in 1982. Canada chose, through the further development of the technologies of Canadarm on the space shuttle, to provide and operate an advanced and comprehensive external robotics system for space station, and to use the space station for scientific and commercial purposes. The program was to become a corner-stone of the new Canadian Space Agency. The development phase of the Canadian Space Station Program has been completed and two of the three major elements are currently operational in space.     

端羧基聚丁二烯(CTPB)推进剂的进展

用作优良粘合剂组份的端羧基聚丁二稀聚合物,由于其均匀的分子结构和化学反应性提供给推进剂良好的力学性能。本文是关于新的端羧基聚丁二稀和推进剂的进展。作者们共同研究的新CTPB 已从工业基地日本合成橡胶公司推荐给推进剂制造者。对日本合成橡胶公司的端羧基聚丁二稀的特性,特别是关于分子结构和粘合剂性能方面已进行了试验研究。     

Two hundred thirty-seven days in Salyut-7

A cosmonaut describes the long-duration Salyut-7 flight in 1984. The third visit to the orbital station provided many opportunities to advance knowledge about living and working in space. The stay on Salyut-7 was supported by three manned Soyuz-T visits and five Progress cargo ships. Scientists conducted a number of astrophysical experiments and acquired experience in spacecraft maintenance and repair. Medical research and control on 33 parameters were carried out for 87 of the 237 days.     

用于火箭发动机的凯夫拉纤维和玻璃纤维缠绕复合材料的表征

为了表征当前火箭发动机工业中常用的一些壳体复合材料特性,我们做了大量的工作。本文介绍了工作的结果,并且特别注意到了这样一个事实,即这些纤维缠绕材料是在固化炉中固化的,与“飞机”型在热压釜中固化的铺层方法比较,此方法对材料的力学性能会有影响。本文涉及到的所有试样都是从纤维缠绕的样品中取得的。 本研究的目的是评价和鉴定具有当前水平的表征试验方法:测定纤维取向的作用、试验方法和温度对性能的影响;表征复合材料有限元分析中用的所有正交各向异性弹性常数的特性;建立测预和实测性能间的关系;确定今后努力的方向。 我们对四种材料系统进行了表征,它们是:凯夫拉49、涂复有DC-20松粘剂的凯夫拉49、S-2玻璃和341型S-2玻璃布。环氧系统是“刚性”酸酐双酚A环氧,其杨氏模量为2827MPa。凯夫拉试样的准备工作有一些困难,为了获得合适的样品,不得不采用优于高压水喷射或传统机加的激光切割,但在切割涂复有松粘剂的凯夫拉时仍有问题,因为这种材料的层间强度很低。 板片状和环向缠绕环的拉伸试验给出了相当的数据,而且获得了与纤维取向有关的刚性变化和传统叠层理论二者之间极好的相关性。对用各种剪切方法获得的数据进行了比较,它表明与轴线成10°的叠层较之环向缠绕管状试样,其剪切模量高,但剪切     

Ozone concentrations and ultraviolet fluxes on Earth-like planets around other stars

Coupled radiative-convective/photochemical modeling was performed for Earth-like planets orbiting different types of stars (the Sun as a G2V, an F2V, and a K2V star). O(2) concentrations between 1 and 10(-5) times the present atmospheric level (PAL) were simulated. The results were used to calculate visible/near-IR and thermal-IR spectra, along with surface UV fluxes and relative dose rates for erythema and DNA damage. For the spectral resolution and sensitivity currently planned for the first generation of terrestrial planet detection and characterization missions, we find that O(2) should be observable remotely in the visible for atmospheres containing at least 10(-2) PAL of O(2). O(3) should be visible in the thermal-IR for atmospheres containing at least 10(-3) PAL of O(2). CH(4) is not expected to be observable in 1 PAL O(2) atmospheres like that of modern Earth, but it might be observable at thermal-IR wavelengths in "mid-Proterozoic-type" atmospheres containing approximately 10(-1) PAL of O(2). Thus, the simultaneous detection of both O(3) and CH(4) - considered to be a reliable indication of life - is within the realm of possibility. High-O(2) planets orbiting K2V and F2V stars are both better protected from surface UV radiation than is modern Earth. For the F2V case the high intrinsic UV luminosity of the star is more than offset by the much thicker ozone layer. At O(2) levels below approximately 10(-2) PAL, planets around all three types of stars are subject to high surface UV fluxes, with the F2V planet exhibiting the most biologically dangerous radiation environment. Thus, while advanced life is theoretically possible on high-O(2) planets around F stars, it is not obvious that it would evolve as it did on Earth.     

在直升机平台上进行高分辨率SAR／ISAR成像

海上监视对高分辨率雷达成像模式特别感兴趣。在海上监视应用中，可以使用高分辨率雷达成像模式来支持对已经用传统搜索功能和跟踪功能检测到的海面目标的分类和可能的识别。     

Pre-cometary ice composition from hot core chemistry

Pre-cometary ice located around star-forming regions contains molecules that are pre-biotic compounds or pre-biotic precursors. Molecular line surveys of hot cores provide information on the composition of the ice since it sublimates near these sites. We have combined a hydrostatic hot core model with a complex network of chemical reactions to calculate the time-dependent abundances of molecules, ions, and radicals. The model considers the interaction between the ice and gas phase. It is applied to the Orion hot core where high-mass star formation occurs, and to the solar-mass binary protostar system IRAS 16293-2422. Our calculations show that at the end of the hot core phase both star-forming sites produce the same prebiotic CN-bearing molecules. However, in the Orion hot core these molecules are formed in larger abundances. A comparison of the calculated values with the abundances derived from the observed line data requires a chemically unprocessed molecular cloud as the initial state of hot core evolution. Thus, it appears that these objects are formed at a much younger cloud stage than previously thought. This implies that the ice phase of the young clouds does not contain CN-bearing molecules in large abundances before the hot core has been formed. The pre-biotic molecules synthesized in hot cores cause a chemical enrichment in the gas phase and in the pre-cometary ice. This enrichment is thought to be an important extraterrestrial aspect of the formation of life on Earth and elsewhere.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW PATTERNS IN PLANAR JETS

INTRODUCTIONTurbulent jet flow is the most widely usedflow type in engineering applications especiallyfor combustion engines which provide most ener-gy sources for industrial production and trans-portation,and a large proportion of energy trans-portation and conversion processes is dominatedby transient evolution of large- scale structures,or so called coherent structures,in turbulentjets.As the flow control and optimization pro-cesses are closely related to the understanding ofdetailed in…     

空中飞行模拟器ATTAS系统描述及最近研究结果

DFVLR已在VFW614轻型喷气运输机基础上研制出了一架叫做ATTAS(Advanced Tech-nologies Testing Aircraft System)的新的空中飞行模拟器。该系统将于1988年底投入使用。本文简述了ATTAS系统,包括飞机改装,仪器设备及地面ATTAS模拟设备,以及最近的一些飞行试验结果。