LE-5发动机比冲分析

LE-5液氧/液氢燃气发生器循环发动机实测真空比冲被用来评定一种新的喷管性能分析计算方法.涡轮排气引入到主流的超音速段,涡轮排气的有效比冲用一种简单方法计算,然后乘上一个由缩比热试模型试验确定的系数.主流比冲用一种类似于JANNAF的喷管分析方法进行计算,计算时假设能量释放效率等于测定的C~*(特征速度)效率.测得的发动机比冲与分析计算值相当一致.在有些情况下,发现C~*-效率和能量释放效率之间存在偏差.     

Quantified EEG in different G situations

The electrical activity of the brain (EEG) has been recorded during parabolic flights in trained astronauts and non trained volunteers as well. The Fast Fourier analysis of the EEG activity evidenced more asymmetry between the two brain hemispheres in the subjects who suffered from motion sickness than in the others. However, such a FFT classification does not lead to a discrimination between deterministic and stochastic events. Therefore, a first attempt was made to calculate the dimensionality of "chaotic attractors" in the EEG patterns as a function of the different g-epochs of one parabola. Very preliminary results are given here.     

EUVE卫星的GPS测轨

１９９２年夏，随着极紫外探测卫星一起发射了一台单频ＧＰＳ接收机。ＥＵＶＥ卫星轨道低，并在星体上直接安装了二个天线，可用来研究误差源，以及未来卫星可达到的定轨精度。利用ＧＩＰＳＹ－ＯＡＳＩＳⅡ软件处理了几段ＧＰＳ数据。     

复合谐振器的寄生谐振及模型

已经研究出几种可用于说明复合谐振器特性的三维模型。由这些模型推算出的谐振频谱(包括寄生谐振频率)与实验数据符合得很好。发现谐振器的几何形状和尺寸是引起寄生谐振的直接原因,并且与主谐振有重要的关系。已经发现谐振频率和材料性能密切相关,并对其实质进行了讨论。     

用于航天器的GPS姿态和轨道确定技术

ＧＰＳ接收机的进展已可用于空间导航和姿态确定。正在研制的ＧＰＳＴｅｎｓｏｒ＾ＴＭ将作为空间固态ＧＰＳ姿态和轨道确定接收机，并将进行质量合格检验。     

EVA-related activities in Japan

Recognizing the importance and fertility of the extra vehicular activity technologies in future space development and utilization, some related research activities have been conducted in Japan, though it has not committed itself to developing its own manned space flight capability. The purpose of this paper is to introduce and evaluate these EVA-related activities and to indicate the next step for Japan to get into the era of manned space activities including EVA in reality.     

Comparison of gradual and rapid onset runs in a short-arm centrifugation

A gradual onset run (GOR) in a short-arm centrifugation was performed on ten healthy students. The centrifuge had a 1.8 m radius, and the subjects sat on a chair in a cabin. The Gz force increased to 2.2 Gz at 0.1 °/sec² for 32 min. and the same Gz-level was maintained for 20 min. Three out of ten subjects completed the whole protocol; the load on the others was terminated because of symptoms or increased heart rate. There were few symptoms such as vertigo, that was a common problem with a rapid onset run (ROR) in former experiments, due to the short-arm centrifugation. The changes of the flicker test after the load were much less in the GOR protocol than in the ROR protocol, even in the terminated group. GOR seemed preferable to ROR in preventing vertigo even though it took longer to reach the necessary G load.     

Drilling systems for extraterrestrial subsurface exploration

Drilling consists of 2 processes: breaking the formation with a bit and removing the drilled cuttings. In rotary drilling, rotational speed and weight on bit are used to control drilling, and the optimization of these parameters can markedly improve drilling performance. Although fluids are used for cuttings removal in terrestrial drilling, most planetary drilling systems conduct dry drilling with an auger. Chip removal via water-ice sublimation (when excavating water-ice-bound formations at pressure below the triple point of water) and pneumatic systems are also possible. Pneumatic systems use the gas or vaporization products of a high-density liquid brought from Earth, gas provided by an in situ compressor, or combustion products of a monopropellant. Drill bits can be divided into coring bits, which excavate an annular shaped hole, and full-faced bits. While cylindrical cores are generally superior as scientific samples, and coring drills have better performance characteristics, full-faced bits are simpler systems because the handling of a core requires a very complex robotic mechanism. The greatest constraints to extraterrestrial drilling are (1) the extreme environmental conditions, such as temperature, dust, and pressure; (2) the light-time communications delay, which necessitates highly autonomous systems; and (3) the mission and science constraints, such as mass and power budgets and the types of drilled samples needed for scientific analysis. A classification scheme based on drilling depth is proposed. Each of the 4 depth categories (surface drills, 1-meter class drills, 10-meter class drills, and deep drills) has distinct technological profiles and scientific ramifications.     

Experiment LEND of the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter for high-resolution mapping of neutron emission of the Moon

The scientific objectives of neutron mapping of the Moon are presented as 3 investigation tasks of NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission. Two tasks focus on mapping hydrogen content over the entire Moon and on testing the presence of water-ice deposits at the bottom of permanently shadowed craters at the lunar poles. The third task corresponds to the determination of neutron contribution to the total radiation dose at an altitude of 50 km above the Moon. We show that the Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) will be capable of carrying out all 3 investigations. The design concept of LEND is presented together with results of numerical simulations of the instrument's sensitivity for hydrogen detection. The sensitivity of LEND is shown to be characterized by a hydrogen detection limit of about 100 ppm for a polar reference area with a radius of 5 km. If the presence of ice deposits in polar "cold traps" is confirmed, a unique record of many millions of years of lunar history would be obtained, by which the history of lunar impacts could be discerned from the layers of water ice and dust. Future applications of a LEND-type instrument for Mars orbital observations are also discussed.     

Effect of Interplanetary Transients on Cosmic Ray Anisotropic Variations

In the present work the cosmic ray intensity data recorded with ground-based neutron monitor at Deep River has investigated taking into account the associated interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind plasma data during 1981—1994.A large number of days having abnormally high/low amplitudes for successive number of five or more days as compared to annual average amplitude of diurnal anisotropy have been taken as high/low amplitude anisotropic wave train events(HAE/LAE).The amplitude of the diurnal anisotropy of these events is found to increase on the days of magnetic cloud as compared to the days prior to the event and it found to decrease during the later period of the event as the cloud passes the Earth.The High-Speed Solar Wind Streams(HSSWS)do not play any significant role in causing these types of events. The interplanetary disturbances(magnetic clouds)are also effective in producing cosmic ray decreases.Hαsolar flares have a good positive correlation with both amplitude and direction of the anisotropy for HAEs, whereas PMSs have a good positive correlation with both amplitude and direction of the anisotropy for LAEs. The source responsible for these unusual anisotropic wave trains in CR has been proposed.