A Review of Density Holes Upstream of Earth's Bow Shock

Larmor size transient structures with density depletions as large as 99% of ambient solar wind density levels occur commonly upstream of Earth＇s collisionless bow shock. These ＂density holes＂ have a me...     

对下一代卫星操作控制的系统研究

自１９７５年发射首颗ＥＴＳ－１卫星以来，总计已发射了２８颗ＮＡＳＤＡ卫星。关于卫星的操作，ＮＡＳＤＡ已经开发了实时遥测／遥控处理系统，可通用于不同类型卫星。     

Iron-sulfide-bearing chimneys as potential catalytic energy traps at life's emergence

The concept that life emerged where alkaline hydrogen-bearing submarine hot springs exhaled into the most ancient acidulous ocean was used as a working hypothesis to investigate the nature of precipitate membranes. Alkaline solutions at 25-70°C and pH between 8 and 12, bearing HS(-)±silicate, were injected slowly into visi-jars containing ferrous chloride to partially simulate the early ocean on this or any other wet and icy, geologically active rocky world. Dependent on pH and sulfide content, fine tubular chimneys and geodal bubbles were generated with semipermeable walls 4-100?μm thick that comprised radial platelets of nanometric mackinawite [FeS]±ferrous hydroxide [～Fe(OH)(2)], accompanied by silica and, at the higher temperature, greigite [Fe(3)S(4)]. Within the chimney walls, these platelets define a myriad of micropores. The interior walls of the chimneys host iron sulfide framboids, while, in cases where the alkaline solution has a pH>11 or relatively low sulfide content, their exteriors exhibit radial flanges with a spacing of ～4?μm that comprise microdendrites of ferrous hydroxide. We speculate that this pattern results from outward and inward radial flow through the chimney walls. The outer Fe(OH)(2) flanges perhaps precipitate where the highly alkaline flow meets the ambient ferrous iron-bearing fluid, while the intervening troughs signal where the acidulous iron-bearing solutions could gain access to the sulfidic and alkaline interior of the chimneys, thereby leading to the precipitation of the framboids. Addition of soluble pentameric peptides enhances membrane durability and accentuates the crenulations on the chimney exteriors. These dynamic patterns may have implications for acid-base catalysis and the natural proton motive force acting through the matrix of the porous inorganic membrane. Thus, within such membranes, steep redox and pH gradients would bear across the nanometric platelets and separate the two counter-flowing solutions, a condition that may have led to the onset of an autotrophic metabolism through the reduction of carbon dioxide.     

采用非同时数据的平均电平自适应检测器

本文给出了一种平均电平自适应检测器（ＭＬＡＤ）的收敛结果。ＭＬＡＤ包括一个带有平均电平检测器（ＭＬＤ）的自适应匹配滤波器（用于空间相关输入）。由一组数据估算出的自适应匹配滤波器的最佳权数适用于一组统计独立的非同时数据。ＭＬＤ的门限由结果数据确定。此后，把一个候选单元与该门限相比较，得出了作为一些参数的函数的虚警概率和检测概率，这些参数是门限系数、匹配滤波器的阶数、用于计算自适应匹配滤波器权数的每个     

Quantitative electrocardiography during extended space flight

To assess the effects of prolonged space flight on the electrophysiological properties of the heart, vectorcardiograms (VCG) were obtained on the Skylab crews at regular intervals during flight and the pre- and postflight periods. The VCG signals were telemetered from Skylab and analyzed by digital computer. Conventional 12-lead electrocardiograms were derived from the VCG signals by a lead transformation program. Standardized exercise loads were incorporated into the experiment protocol to increase the sensitivity of the VCG for effects of deconditioning and to detect susceptibility for arrhythmias. In Skylab II, 24 preflight, 21 inflight, and 19 postflight experiments were analyzed. Statistically significant inflight changes observed in two or more crew members included: decreased resting heart rate, increased QRS duration, anterior shift QRS vector, increased QRS vector magnitude, anterior shift T vector, and increased T vector magnitude. One astronaut had occasional premature ventricular contractions (PVC) during the pre- and postflight phases. He had a single episode of multiple PVC's during heavy-load exercise testing in flight. A second astronaut had no arrhythmia during pre- or inflight testing. On postflight day 21 he had multiple PVC's and salvos of ectopic ventricular beats. He has had no recurrence of the arrhythmia. With the exception of the cardiac arrhythmias, no deleterious electrophysiological changes were observed during Skylab II.     

高性能非脆变双基推进剂

这项工作是由赫克里斯公司阿里根尼弹道试验室完成的,是为美国海军战术导弹的应用而改进高性能硝酸酯增塑推进剂工作的一部分。总的目的是研制一种性能卓越的推进剂,它在舰队防御环境下不会发生脆变。尤其需要一种推进剂能满足或者超过美国海军近代高性能验证发动机(HPDM)计划的要求。方法是将聚乙二醇预聚物用于混合增塑剂(50/50N G—BTTN)作为非脆变粘合剂的主要成分。这种增塑剂系统已在其它的赫克里斯计划中经过验证,与 NG 或 BTTN 晶种接触,即使经过长期的—54℃～—12℃之间的温度循环也不会发生脆变。以1磅规模对固体含量为73%～80%的推进剂进行了试验,以调节工艺性能、力学性能。成功地研制出了一种能达到 HPDM 计划要求的固体含量为73%的非脆变推进剂。80%固体含量推进剂的研制工作表明,这类推进剂是可行的,但还需要进一步的研究。     

用于低温的锗薄膜温度计的特性

用来当作电阻温度计的锗薄膜业已在液氦温度下做过试验。锗在真空下被沉积在绝缘的基片上,然后把银沉积在锗薄膜上作为欧姆接触,籍助于选择适当的沉积条件,就能容易地制造出具有所需要的电阻和合适的灵敏度的温度计。这些温度计具有快速响应时间,并能用于测量快速变化的表面温度。