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521.
The Mars Global Surveyor mission has revealed that localized crustal paleomagnetic anomalies are a common feature of the Southern Hemisphere of Mars. The magnetometer measured small-scale magnetic fields associated with many individual magnetic anomalies have magnitudes ranging from hundreds to thousands nT at altitude above 120 km. That makes Mars globally different from both Venus and Earth. The data collected by Lunar Prospector near the Moon were interpreted as evidence that above regions of inferred strong surface magnetic fields on the Moon the SW flow is deflected, and a small-scale mini-magnetosphere exists under some circumstances. With a factor of 100 stronger magnetic fields at Mars and a lower SW dynamic pressure, those conditions offer the opportunity for a larger size of small `magnetospheres' which can be formed by the crustal magnetic fields. Outside the regions of the magnetic anomalies, the SW/Mars interaction is Venus-like. Thus, at Mars the distinguishing feature of the magnetic field pile-up boundary most likely varies from Venus-like to Earth-like above the crustal magnetic field regions. The observational data regarding the IMF pile-up regions near Venus and the Earth are initially reviewed. As long as the SW/Mars interaction remains like that at Venus, the IMF penetrates deep into the Martian ionosphere under the `overpressure' conditions. Results of numerical simulations and theoretical expectations regarding the temporal evolution of the IMF inside the Venus ionosphere and appearance of superthermal electrons are also reviewed and assessed. 相似文献
522.
The results of a preliminary analysis of microperturbations on the International Space Station during physical exercises of the crew are presented. The goal of this paper is to identify the parameters of perturbations
when physical exercises are performed. The results of measurements by sensors of microaccelerations of both Russian and American
segments during physical exercises in the service module of the Russian segment are analyzed. 相似文献
523.
A method is substantiated to ensure energy security for the satellite communication systems (SCS) at a close position of the
radio interception receiver. This is done by lowering the carrier frequency down to f
0 = 60…80 MHz and by applying spaced measurements with n ≥ 4 receiving antennas. 相似文献
524.
A. V. Tavrov O. I. Korablev A. V. Rodin I. I. Vinogradov A. Yu. Trokhimovsky A. Yu. Ivanov L. V. Ksanfomaliti D. A. Orlov 《Cosmic Research》2011,49(2):99-109
In order to observe exoplanets we propose a space-based achromatic stellar coronagraph combined with a 0.8–1.5 m telescope.
We develop an achromatic common path interferometer for observing an exoplanet (a faint off-axis source) on the background
of a hoste star (bright axial source). An image of the star and its copy acquire an achromatic phase shift by 180° and interfere
in antiphase. The achromatic phase shift is caused by geometric phase in the scheme of a three-dimensional interferometer.
The interference process divides spatially the dark and light fields of the star image redirecting them to the opposite sides
of a beam splitter. The interference process does not weaken the image of a planet, with equal intensities it is redirected
to both sides of a beam splitter. The suggested scheme of common path interferometer ensures mechanical stability. The background
signal is experimentally demonstrated to be reduced by six orders of magnitude. 相似文献
525.
Jean A. Kéchichian 《Acta Astronautica》2011,68(11-12):1914-1930
An efficient self-contained trajectory optimization software is generated by making use of de Pontécoulant's analytic lunar theory removing the need for an outside third body ephemeris program to compute the lunar and solar position vectors at each integration step. The accelerations being further resolved along the rotating Euler–Hill frame after expansion to third order in the spacecraft radial distance, the adjoint differential equations are derived in a direct manner complementing the generation of the dynamic system of equations for full compatibility. Because the variation of parameters equations are cast in terms of the nonsingular equinoctial elements with the perturbation accelerations resolved in their analytic form along the rotating axes, the adjoint equations are also derived in the same manner providing a highly efficient and accurate system of equations for rapid computations in conjunction with Aerospace Corporation's NLP2 nonlinear programming codes to search for the initial values of the multipliers that steer the spacecraft towards its target orbit in minimum time. Numerical simulations show that the solutions obtained by the analysis developed in this paper are essentially identical to the more indirect approach based on the use of inertial accelerations obtained from a separate ephemeris generator and subsequent conversions to the thrust frame and equinoctial system. 相似文献
526.
In oceanographics situations where salt fingers may be an important mechanism for the transport of heat and salt in the vertical direction, velocity shears may also be present. Salt finger convection is analogous to Bénard convection in that the kinetic energy of the motions is obtained from the potential energy stored in the unstable distribution of a stratifying component. On the basis of the thermal analogy it is of interest to discover whether salt fingers are converted into two-dimensional sheets by wind shear, and how the vertical fluxes of heat and salt are changed by wind shear. Salt finger convection under the effect of steady wind shear is theoretically examined in this paper. The evolution of instability developing in the presence of a vertical density gradient disturbance and the horizontal Couette flow is considered near the onset of salt fingers under a moderate rate of shear. We use velocity as the basic variable and solve the pressure Poisson equation in terms of the associated Green function. Growth competition between the longitudinal rolls (LR) and the transverse rolls (TR), whose axes are, respectively, in the direction parallel to and perpendicular to the Couette flow, is investigated by the weakly nonlinear analysis of coupled-mode equations. The results show that the TR mode is stable under a small wind shear and the LR mode is stable for a higher wind shear. 相似文献
527.
V D Kern 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1999,24(6):697-706
In order to achieve perfect positioning of their lamellae for spore dispersal, fruiting bodies of higher fungi rely on the omnipresent force gravity. Only accurate negatively gravitropic orientation of the fruiting body cap will guarantee successful reproduction. A spaceflight experiment during the STS-55 Spacelab mission in 1993 confirmed that the factor gravity is employed for spatial orientation. Most likely every hypha in the transition zone between the stipe and the cap region is capable of sensing gravity. Sensing presumably involves slight sedimentation of nuclei which subsequently causes deformation of the net-like arrangement of F-actin filament strands. Hyphal elongation is probably driven by hormone-controlled activation and redistribution of vesicle traffic and vesicle incorporation into the vacuoles and cell walls to subsequently cause increased water uptake and turgor pressure. Stipe bending is achieved by way of differential growth of the flanks of the upper-most stipe region. After reorientation to a horizontal position, elongation of the upper flank hyphae decreases 40% while elongation of the lower flank slightly increases. On the cellular level gravity-stimulated vesicle accumulation was observed in hyphae of the lower flank. 相似文献
528.
Possible consequences of collisions of natural cosmic bodies with the Earth’s atmosphere and surface are described. The methodological
basis of classification of consequences is the solution of meteor physics equations characterizing the trajectory of a body
in the atmosphere, namely, the dependence of the body’s velocity and mass on the flight altitude. The solution depends on
two dimensionless parameters characterizing the drag altitude and the role of mass loss by a meteoroid during its motion in
the atmosphere. Depending on values of these parameters, the degree of effect on the planetary surface considerably changes.
In particular, the conditions of cratering and meteorite fall on the planetary surface are obtained. The results are presented
in a simple analytical form. They quite match to the real events considered in the paper. Recommendations are given on further
investigations into the important problem of interaction of cosmic bodies with planetary atmospheres. 相似文献
529.
V. V. Semenov V. A. Volkov M. C. Kwon J. S. S. Sidhu 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2016,59(2):211-217
The dependence of the wave resistance coefficients for planar periodic reliefs on the similarity parameters is investigated. It is proved that the wave resistance coefficients of the infinite reliefs and their finite analogs in the case of the whole wave numbers coincide, whereas in the case of the fractional wave numbers they differ. 相似文献
530.
The derivation of parametric equations for a limiting surface in the space of internal forces and moments that act in the rod cross-sections, using the basic concepts of plasticity theory and conventional hypotheses of the rod theory, is presented. The plastic properties of rod material are described by the Mises criterion. A case of small displacements and strains under static simple loading is considered. The results of solving a number of problems of constructing limiting curves in the planes of internal forces and moments are given. 相似文献